000			10322cam a2200445 i 4500
005			20211129150450.0
008			080222s2008 enka b 001 0 eng d
010			_a 2007017927
011			_aBIB MATCHES WORLDCAT
020			_a0521881439 _qhbk.
020			_a9780521881432 _qhbk.
020			_a0521707706 _qpbk.
020			_a9780521707701 _qpbk.
035			_a(OCoLC)123912669
040			_aDLC _beng _erda _cDLC _dYDX _dBAKER _dBTCTA _dYDXCP _dWUL _dATU
050	0	0	_aK213 _b.W355 2008
082	0	0	_a347.066 _222
100	1		_aWalton, Douglas N., _eauthor. _9230404
245	1	0	_aWitness testimony evidence : _bargumentation, artificial intelligence, and law / _cDouglas Walton.
264		1	_aCambridge ; _aNew York : _bCambridge University Press, _c2008.
300			_axvii, 365 pages : _billustrations ; _c23 cm
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _bn _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _bnc _2rdacarrier
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 339-351) and index.
505	0	0	_tIntroduction -- _g1. _tPurpose of the Book -- _g2. _tOutline of the Book -- _gChapter 1. _tWitness Testimony as Argumentation -- _g1. _tWitness Testimony in Logic and Philosophy -- _g1.1. _tContemptuous Attitude toward Testimony as Evidence -- _g1.2. _tSeeking a Rational Basis for Testimony -- _g2. _tAppeal to Witness Testimony as a Form of Argument -- _g2.1. _tProof and Argument -- _g3. _tWitness Credibility -- _g3.1. _tAd Hominem Attacks -- _g3.2. _tCharacter and Reputation -- _g4. _tWitness Testimony as Fallible Evidence -- _g4.1. _tCases of Testimony Gone Wrong -- _g4.2. _tCategories of Failure -- _g5. _tDefeasible Arguments -- _g5.1. _tTypes of Arguments and Generalizations -- _g5.2. _tThe Tentative Nature of Defeasible Arguments -- _g6. _tCorroboration of Witness Testimony -- _g7. _tArgumentation Schemes for Position to Know Arguments -- _g7.1. _tArguments from Expert Opinion -- _g8. _tThe Form of Appeal to Witness Testimony as an Argument -- _g8.1. _tStrict and Defeasible Modus Ponens Arguments -- _g9. _tFactors in Evaluating Witness Testimony -- _g9.1. _tOther Systems -- _g9.2. _tFact and Opinion -- _g9.3. _tPerception and Memory -- _g10. _tThe Argumentation Scheme and Critical Questions -- _g10.1. _tFull Form of the Scheme and Critical Questions -- _gChapter 2. _tPlausible Reasoning in Legal Argumentation -- _g1. _tChaining of Plausible Reasoning in Evidence -- _g1.1. _tWigmore's Theory of Evidence -- _g2. _tLegal and Historical Background of Plausible Reasoning -- _g2.1. _tThe Eikotic Argument -- _g2.2. _tCarneades' Example of the Snake and Rope -- _g2.3. _tPlausible Reasoning in a Trial -- _g3. _tDiagramming Witness Testimony as Evidence -- _g3.1. _tThe Assault Example -- _g3.2. _tThe Arson Example -- _g4. _tLinked and Convergent Arguments -- _g5. _tConvergence, Corroboration, and Credibility Corroboration -- _g5.1. _tExamples of Evidence as Corroboration and Convergence -- _g5.2. _tCredibility Corroboration Evidence -- _g6. _tDiagrams, Plausible Generalizations, and Enthymemes -- _g6.1. _tAnalysis of a Homicide Case -- _g7. _tEvaluating Plausible Reasoning -- _g7.1. _tRescher's System -- _g7.2. _tTheophrastus' Rule and the Weakest Link Principle -- _g8. _tA Method of Evaluation Proposed -- _g8.1. _tSummary of the Evaluation Method -- _gChapter 3. _tScripts, Stories, and Anchored Narratives -- _g1. _tScripts and Stories -- _g1.1. _tMissing Information in a Story -- _g1.2. _tWhat Makes a Story Plausible? -- _g2. _tAnchoring and Plausibility of Stories -- _g2.1. _tTesting a Story by Critically Examining It -- _g3. _tComponents of a Story -- _g3.1. _tPractical Reasoning in Stories -- _g3.2. _tExplaining Goal-Directed Actions -- _g4. _tCorroboration of Witness Testimony -- _g4.1. _tAttacking the Plausibility of a Story -- _g4.2. _tThe Process of Examining a Story -- _g5. _tThe Whole Truth -- _g5.1. _tCompeting Stories -- _g6. _tNonexplicit Assumptions in a Story -- _g6.1. _tUse of an Argumentation Scheme -- _g7. _tUsing Conclusions Drawn from the Story -- _g7.1. _tAssembling the Evidence -- _g8. _tEnthymemes -- _g8.1. _tUse of Gricean Implicature -- _g8.2. _tUse of Common Knowledge -- _g8.3. _tProbing to Reveal Unstated Assumptions -- _g9. _tPlausible Reasoning as a Tool for Testing Testimony -- _g9.1. _tThe Adversarial Context of Legal Examination -- _g9.2. _tObtaining Reliable Information -- _g10. _tA New Approach -- _g10.1. _tArgumentation and Artificial Intelligence -- _g10.2. _tTurning to a Dialogue Model -- _gChapter 4. _tComputational Dialectics -- _g1. _tFundamental Notions -- _g1.1. _tOrdered Sequences of Moves in a Dialogue -- _g1.2. _tMoves as Speech Acts -- _g2. _tTypes and Goals of Dialogues -- _g2.1. _tDialectical Shifts -- _g2.2. _tDialogue Models of Legal Argumentation -- _g3. _tCommitment Sets -- _g3.1. _tRetraction of Commitments -- _g3.2. _tInconsistent Commitments -- _g3.3. _tCommitment and Belief Models -- _g4. _tDialogue Rules and Dialectical Relevance -- _g4.1. _tAdmissibility and Relevance in a Trial -- _g5. _tPersuasion Dialogue -- _g5.1. _tCritical Discussion -- _g6. _tProfiles of Dialogue -- _g7. _tMultiagent Systems -- _g7.1. _tReputation Management in Multiagent Systems -- _g8. _tDishonesty and Character Attack -- _g9. _tBurden of Proof -- _g9.1. _tMetadialogues -- _g10. _tApplying Dialogue Systems to Legal Argumentation -- _gChapter 5. _tWitness Examination as Peirastic Dialogue -- _g1. _tInformation-Seeking Dialogue -- _g1.1. _tTypes of Information-Seeking Dialogue -- _g2. _tWhat Is Information? -- _g2.1. _tThe Positivistic View -- _g2.2. _tA Multiagent View -- _g2.3. _tUsefulness and Reliability of Information -- _g3. _tInformation Seeking in a Trial -- _g3.1. _tRedefining Information -- _g4. _tExamination Dialogue -- _g4.1. _tExamination in Ancient Dialectic -- _g4.2. _tExamination Dialogue in Artificial Intelligence -- _g5. _tPeirastic and Exetastic Dialogue -- _g5.1. _tCritiquing Dialogue in Computing -- _g5.2. _tAttacking the Credibility of a Witness -- _g6. _tExamination in a Trial Setting -- _g6.1. _tExample of Critical Examination of Witness Testimony -- _g6.2. _tEmbedding of Information Seeking -- _g7. _tCross-Examination -- _g7.1. _tOrder of Asking Questions -- _g7.2. _tWinning Strategies of Cross-Examination -- _g8. _tThe Purpose of Cross-Examination -- _g8.1. _tThe Limits of Dirty Tricks -- _g9. _tInterrogation as a Type of Dialogue -- _g9.1. _tRules for Interrogation Dialogue -- _g9.2. _tInterrogation Contrasted with Examination -- _g10. _tClassifying and Defining Peirastic Examination Dialogue -- _g10.1. _tClassification System for Examination Dialogue -- _g10.2. _tGoal and Rules of Peirastic Examination Dialogue -- _gChapter 6. _tApplying Dialectical Models to the Trial -- _g1. _tThe Advocacy Framework of the Trial -- _g1.1. _tThe Function of Witness Testimony in the Trial -- _g2. _tThree Components of the Trial -- _g2.1. _tAn Objection and a Reply -- _g2.2. _tThe Viewpoint of the Trier -- _g3. _tHow Evidence Comes into a Trial -- _g3.1. _tQuestioning a Witness -- _g4. _tArgumentative Nature of Witness Examination -- _g4.1. _tLeading Questions -- _g5. _tQuestioning an Expert Witness -- _g5.1. _tExpert Consultation Dialogue -- _g5.2. _tEmbedding of Information in Persuasion -- _g6. _tThe Problem of Analyzing Relevance -- _g6.1. _tRelevance and the Trial Rules -- _g6.2. _tPeirastic Relevance -- _g7. _tThe Fair Trial as a Normative Model -- _g7.1. _tThe Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems Compared -- _g7.2. _tCan a Trial Be Too Adversarial? -- _g7.3. _tInformation Seeking in the Fair Trial -- _g8. _tBalance between Persuasion and Information in a Trial -- _g8.1. _tReasoned Argumentation in a Fair Trial -- _g9. _tThe Dialectical Structure of the Trial -- _g9.1. _tSequence of Dialogue Embeddings in the Trial -- _g9.2. _tSummary of the Dialectical Model of the Trial -- _gChapter 7. _tSupporting and Attacking Witness Testimony -- _g1. _tCorroborative Evidence -- _g1.1. _tThe Fallacy of Double Counting -- _g1.2. _tA New Scheme for Corroborative Evidence -- _g2. _tNew Computational Systems for Legal Argumentation -- _g2.1. _tThe DefLog System -- _g2.2. _tThe Carneades System -- _g2.3. _tSchemes and Critical Questions in Carneades -- _g3. _tWitness Testimony in Carneades -- _g3.1. _tThe Scheme and the Critical Questions -- _g3.2. _tCorroborative Testimony in Carneades -- _g3.3. _tFurther Research on Carneades -- _g4. _tAsking of Questions in Examination Dialogue -- _g4.1. _tProfiles of Dialogue -- _g4.2. _tThree Levels of Questioning -- _g5. _tQuestioning Skills in Information-Seeking Dialogue -- _g5.1. _tTypes of Questions and Replies -- _g5.2. _tLeading Questions -- _g6. _tQuestioning and Answering in the Interrogation -- _g6.1. _tTypes of Questions in Interrogation Dialogue -- _g6.2. _tLoaded Questions -- _g7. _tUses of the New Peirastic Theory -- _g7.1. _tThree Applications -- _g7.2. _tDealing with Unreliable Witness Testimony -- _g8. _tSummary of the Theory -- _g8.1. _tThe Eight Steps in the Method.
520			_a"Recent work in artificial intelligence has increasingly turned to argumentation as a rich, interdisciplinary area of research that can provide new methods related to evidence and reasoning in the area of law. Douglas Walton provides an introduction to basic concepts, tools and methods in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence as applied to the analysis and evaluation of witness testimony. He shows how witness testimony is by its nature inherently fallible and sometimes subject to disastrous failures. At the same time such testimony can provide evidence that is not only necessary but inherently reasonable for logically guiding legal experts to accept or reject a claim. Walton shows how to overcome the traditional disdain for witness testimony as a type of evidence shown by logical positivists, and the views of trial sceptics who doubt that trial rules deal with witness testimony in a way that yields a rational decision-making process."--Publisher's website.
588			_aMachine converted from AACR2 source record.
650		0	_aLaw _xMethodology _9319928
650		0	_aWitnesses _9333361
650		0	_aEvidence (Law) _9317606
650		0	_aReasoning _9323213
650		0	_aArtificial intelligence. _9314134
650		0	_aRelevance (Philosophy) _9333362
856	4	2	_3Contributor biographical information _uhttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0743/2007017927-b.html
907			_a.b11353843 _b10-06-19 _c27-10-15
942			_cB
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