Social sequence analysis : methods and applications /
Benjamin Cornwell.
- xxi, 314 pages ; 24 cm.
- Structural analysis in the social sciences ; 37 .
- Structural analysis in the social sciences ; 37. .
Includes bibliographical references and index.
List of Figures page -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- PART I. INTRODUCTION -- -- Sequence Analysis in the Social Sciences -- 1.1 Timing and Context of the Book -- 1.2 Contributions -- 1.3 Audience and Scope -- 1.4 Related References -- 1.5 Plan of the Book -- PART II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND -- -- Theoretical Foundations of Social Sequence Analysis -- 2.1 What Are Social Sequences -- 2.2 The Structural Origins of Social Sequences -- 2.3 Why Social Sequences Matter -- 2.4 Origins of Social Sequence Analysis Techniques -- 2.4.1 Narrative Positivism -- 2.4.2 The Relational Nature of Social Phenomena -- 2.4.3 The Development of Whole-Sequence -- Analysis Methods -- 2.4.4 Pivotal Criticisms -- 2.5 The Second Wave of Social Sequence Analysis -- 2.5.1 Sequences as Networks -- 2.5.2 Microsequence Analysis -- 2.6 Looking Ahead -- Contents -- PART III. SOCIAL SEQUENCE ANALYSIS CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES -- -- Sequence Analysis Concepts and Data -- 3.1 Sequence Properties -- 3.1.1 Positions -- 3.1.2 Elements -- 3.1.3 Substructures -- 3.1.4 Subjects -- 3.2 Key Issues in Sequence Data -- 3.2.1 Recurrence -- 3.2.2 Ties and Multidimensionality -- 3.2.3 Gaps -- 3.3 The Sequence Universe -- 3.3.1 Size -- 3.3.2 Boundary Specification -- 3.4 Sequence Data -- 3.4.1 Data Collection -- 3.4.2 Element-Position Sampling -- 3.4.3 Units of Measure -- 3.5 Data Used in This Book -- 3.5.1 The Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement -- in Europe (SHARE -- 3.5.2 The Correlates of War Global Trade Network -- 3.5.3 The Davis, 'Gardner, and Gardner Deep -- South Study -- 3.5.4 The Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS -- 3.5.5 The American Time Use Survey (ATUS -- -- Detecting Sequence Structure -- 4.1 Descriptive Analysis -- 4.1.1 Sequence Length -- 4.1.2 Element Frequencies -- 4.1.3 n-grams -- 4.1.4 Position Reports -- 4.2 Describing Stochastic Patterns -- 4.2.1 Transition Matrices -- 4.2.2 Markov Chains -- 4.3 Sequential Connection -- 4.3.1 Empirical Illustration: Gender Differences -- in the Parenthood-Stress Link -- 4.4 Stationarity -- 4.4.1 Empirical Illustration: Stationarity in the -- World System -- 4.5 Spells -- 4.6 Homogeneity -- 4.7 On Using Summary Statistics and Tests -- 4.8 Visual Aids -- 4.8.1 Transition Bubble Graphs -- 4.8.2 State Transition Diagrams -- 4.8.3 Sequence Index Plots -- 4.8.4 State Distribution Graphs -- 4.8.5 Tempograms -- 4.8.6 Sequence-Network Diagrams -- 4.8.7 On the Use of Color and Grayscale -- 4.9 Looking Ahead -- -- Whole-Sequence Comparison Methods -- 5.1 Sequence Alignment -- 5.1.1 Sequence Alignment Operations -- 5.1.2 Operation Costs and Distance -- 5.2 Classical Optimal Matching (OM -- 5.2.1 Finding the Optimal Solution -- 5.2.2 The Needleman-Wunsch Algorithm -- 5.3 Basic Operation Cost Regimes -- 5.3.1 Levenshtein Distance -- 5.3.2 Levenshtein II Distance -- 5.3.3 Hamming Distance -- 5.4 Considerations in Setting Operation Costs -- 5.4.1 Order versus Timing -- 5.4.2 Time Warping -- 5.5 Criticisms of Classical OM -- 5.5.1 Theory/Method Fit -- 5.5.2 Arbitrary Operation Costs -- 5.6 Improvements on Classical OM -- 5.6.1 Variable Substitution Costs -- 5.6.2 Distance Normalization -- 5.6.3 Reference Sequence Comparison -- 5.6.4 Spell-Adjusted Distances -- 5.6.5 The Dynamic Hamming Method -- 5.7 Detecting Whole Sequence Patterns -- 5.7.1 Hierarchical Cluster Analysis -- 5.7.2 Identifying Sequence Classes -- 5.7.3 Assessing Validity and Reliability -- 5.7.4 Describing Sequence Classes -- 5.8 Recent Advances in Sequence Comparison -- 5.8.1 Multidimensional Sequence Analysis -- 5.8.2 Two-Stage Optimal Matching (2SOM) Analysis -- 5.8.3 Transition Sequence Analysis -- Contents i -- 5.8A Nonalignment Techniques -- s. 8.5 Beyond Cluster Analysis -- PART IV. NEW DIRECTIONS IN SOCIAL SEQUENCE ANALYSIS -- -- Network Methods for Sequence Analysis -- 6.1 Theoretical Rationale -- 6.1.1 Networks of Sequences I56 -- 6.1.2 Sequences as Bases of Affiliations -- 6.2 Network Concepts and Terms -- 6.2.1 Network Matrices and Components -- 6.2.2 Directed and Undirected Networks -- 6.2.3 One- and Two-Mode Networks -- 6.2.4 Subject Comembership and Element Overlap -- 6.3 Sequence-Network Construction -- 6.3.1 Nonrecurrent Sequence Networks -- 6.3.2 Recurrent Seque?tce Affiliation Networks -- 6.3.3 Directed Sequence Networks -- 6.3.4 Multidimensional Sequence Networks -- 6.4 Visualization -- 6.4.1 Relationships among Subjects -- 6.4.2 Two-Mode Ordered Event Networks -- 6.4.3 Two-Mode Recurrent Sequences -- 6.4.4 Directed Sequence Networks -- 6.5 Structural Measures for Sequence Networks -- 6.6 Identification of Subject/Element Subsets -- 6.6.1 Subsets in Sequence Affiliation Networks -- 6.6.2 Element Subsets in Directed Sequence Networks -- 6.6.3 Sequence Motifs -- 6.7 Event Structure Analysis -- 6.8 Statistical Network Models for Sequential Events -- 6.8.1 Exponential Random Graph (p*) Models -- 6.8.2 ERGMs for Ordered Nonrecurrent Sequence -- Networks -- 6.9 Dynamic Sequence Networks -- 6.9.1 Subject- and Element-Eevel Change -- 6.9.2 Sequence Subset Evolution -- 6.9.3 Whole Sequence-Network Evolution -- 6.10 Conclusion -- -- Social Microsequence Analysis -- 7.1 An Exemplary Sequence Context -- 7.2 The Elements of Social Microsequences -- 7.2.1 Relationship to Microinteraction Sequences -- x Contents -- 7.2.2 Elements and Positions -- 7.2.3 Data Collection and Availability -- 7.3 Nonnetwork Sequence Approaches -- 7.3.1 OM Sequence Classification -- 7.3.2 Transition and Switching Analysis -- 7.4 Sequence-Network Approaches -- 7.4.1 Synchrony -- 7.4.2 Measurement of Synchrony -- 7.4.3 Identifying Sources of Synchrony -- 7.4.4 Routine -- 7.4. S Measurement and Visualization of Routine -- 7.5 Next Steps -- PART V. CONCLUSIONS -- -- The Promise of Social Sequence Analysis -- 8.1 Limitations -- 8.2 Future Research -- 8.2.1 Routine and Routinization -- 8.2.2 Sequence Networks, Network Sequences -- 8.2.3 Sequential Statistical Inference -- 8.2.4 Data Collection -- Appendix A Recent Whole-Sequence Pattern Analyses -- Appendix B Linkage Criteria for Agglomerative -- Hierarchical Clustering -- References -- Index. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.