TY  - BOOK
AU  - Kimball,John
TI  - Physics of sailing
SN  - 9781420073768 (pbk.)
AV  - VK543 .K56 2010
U1  - 623.8813 22
PY  - 2010///
CY  - Boca Raton, Fla., London
PB  - CRC, Taylor & Francis [distributor]
KW  - Sailing
KW  - Sailboats
KW  - Design and construction
KW  - Physics
N1  - Includes index; 1; Depart, Depart from Solid Earth --; 1.1; Why Sailing, Why Physics, Why Both? --; 1.2; Origins --; 1.2.1; Egypt --; 1.2.2; The First Sailors --; 1.2.3; Polynesia --; 1.2.4; China --; 1.2.5; Speculations --; 1.3; There's MuchMore --; 2; Downwind-The Easy Direction --; 2.1; Speed --; 2.2; Forces --; 2.2.1; Quadratic Approximation --; 2.2.2; Newton's Impact Theory --; 2.2.3; Refinements --; 2.3; Boatspeed --; 2.3.1; Apparent Wind Speed, V --; 2.3.2; Downwind Speed Ratio, S<sub>0< /sub> --; 2.3.3; Calculating the Downwind Speed Ratio --; 2.3.3.1; Archimedes Principle --; 2.4; Wind Shadow --; 2.5; Acceleration --; 2.6; Examples --; 2.6.1; Force and Power --; 2.6.2; Real Boat Speeds --; 2.6.3; A Check --; 2.6.4; Better Speed Calculations --; 2.6.5; Acceleration --; 2.7; The Speed Limit --; 3; Upwind-The Hard Direction --; 3.1; Overview --; 3.1.1; Lift and Drag --; 3.1.2; Wind Direction --; 3.1.3; Forces --; 3.2; Iceboats --; 3.2.1; Iceboat Forces --; 3.2.2; Iceboat Speed Diagram --; 3.2.3; Derivation of Iceboat Speed Diagram --; 3.2.4; Iceboat Speed Diagram Interpretation --; 3.2.5; Ice Friction --; 3.3; Sailboat Speeds --; 3.3.1; Step 1: Lift and Drag Phenomenology --; 3.3.2; Step 2: Centerboard Lift and Drag --; 3.3.3; Where Is the Theory? --; 3.3.4; Step 3: Pushing the Sailboat --; 3.3.5; Step 4: Wind Lift and Drag --; 3.3.6; Step 5: Wind and Water Forces Combined --; 3.3.6.1; Scaled Units --; 3.3.6.2; Comparing Graphs --; 3.3.6.3; Broad Reach --; 3.3.6.4; Sailing Closer to Windward --; 3.3.6.5; Generalization --; 3.3.6.6; Closest to the Wind --; 3.3.7; Step 6: Sailboat Speed Diagram --; 3.3.7.1; Basic Example: A Standard Sailboat --; 3.3.7.2; Comparison of Speeds --; 3.3.7.3; Comparisons of Lift-to-Drag Ratios --; 3.4; Why Is Sailing Upwind So Complicated? --; 4; Tipping, Torques, and Trouble --; 4.1; Roll, Pitch, and Yaw --; 4.2; Torques --; 4.2.1; Winch: A Simple Example --; 4.2.2; More General Torques --; 4.3; Centers of Mass, Buoyancy, and Effort --; 4.3.1; Center of Mass --; 4.3.2; Center of Buoyancy --; 4.3.3; Center of Effort --; 4.4; Catamaran --; 4.4.1; Catamaran Roll and Capsize --; 4.4.2; Catamaran Pitch --; 4.5; Iceboat --; 4.6; Monohull --; 4.7; Staying Upright --; 4.7.1; Limiting the Sail's Torque --; 4.7.2; Increasing the Restoring Torque --; 4.8; Steering and Helm --; 4.9; Dynamics --; 4.9.1; Moment of Inertia --; 4.9.2; Resonance --; 4.9.3; Instability --; 4.10; Upright Mast --; 4.11; Personal Torques --; 5; See How the Mainsail Sets --; 5.1; Spinnaker --; 5.1.1; Gaussian Curvature --; 5.1.2; Spinnaker Shape Changes --; 5.1.3; Make Your Own Sail --; 5.1.4; Stress --; 5.2; Mainsail and Jib --; 5.2.1; Tight Leech --; 5.2.2; Tight Foot --; 5.2.3; Perfect Blend --; 5.2.4; Sail Shape Equations --; 5.2.5; Sail Characterization --; 5.2.5.1; Twist --; 5.2.5.2; Camber Ratio --; 5.2.5.3; Maximum Draft Position --; 5.2.6; Applying the Forces --; 5.2.6.1; Sail Shape --; 5.2.6.2; Sail Position --; 5.3; Real Sails --; 5.3.1; Pressure Variation --; 5.3.2; Stretching, Bending, and Other Complications --; 5.3.2.1; Stretching --; 5.3.2.2; Gaussian Curvature --; 5.3.2.3; Bending Masts --; 5.3.2.4; Luff Tension --; 5.4; What Really Counts --; 6; Fluid Dynamics --; 6.1; Navier-Stokes Equation --; 6.2; Viscosity --; 6.2.1; Viscosity and Pressure, Lift and Drag --; 6.2.2; Viscosity Defined --; 6.2.2.1; The Centerboard Problem --; 6.2.3; Viscosity Physics --; 6.2.4; Viscosity, Energy, and Dissipation --; 6.3; Reynolds Number --; 6.3.1; Reynolds Number Defined --; 6.3.1.1; The Centerboard Problem: Second Attempt --; 6.4; Boundary Layers --; 6.4.1; Laminar Boundary Layer --; 6.4.1.1; The Centerboard Problem: Third Attempt --; 6.4.2; Turbulence Basics --; 6.4.3; Turbulent Boundary Layer --; 6.4.4; Boundary Layer Separation --; 6.4.4.1; The Centerboard Problem: Final Attempt --; 6.4.4.2; Problems Harder than the Centerboard Problem --; 6.5; Euler Equation --; 6.5.1; D'Alembert's Paradox --; 6.5.2; Bernoulli's Equation --; 6.5.3; Circulation --; 6.5.4; Kutta-joukowski Theorem --; 6.5.5; Lift's Many Explanations --; 6.5.6; Two Dimensions --; 6.6; Why Are Fluids So Complicated? --; 7; Surfaces --; 7.1; An Example --; 7.2; Inadequate Theory --; 7.3; Curiosities --; 7.3.1; Golf Balls --; 7.3.2; Swimming Speeds --; 7.3.3; Shark Imitations --; 7.4; When Is It Smooth Enough? --; 8; Waves and Wakes --; 8.1; Wave Shape --; 8.2; Water Motion --; 8.3; Gravity Waves --; 8.3.1; Wave Frequency --; 8.3.2; Wave Speed --; 8.4; Capillary Waves --; 8.5; Damping --; 8.6; Wind and Waves --; 8.6.1; Flat Water --; 8.6.2; Fetch --; 8.6.3; Wind and Wave Energies --; 8.7; Wave Packets and Group Velocity --; 8.8; An Example --; 8.9; Wakes --; 8.9.1; Properties --; 8.9.1.1; Center Wake --; 8.9.1.2; Side Wakes --; 8.9.2; Wake Energy and Hull Speed --; 8.9.2.1; Two Wakes Merge to One --; 8.9.2.2; Sailing Uphill --; 8.9.2.3; Scaling Model --; 8.9.3; Wake Properties Derived --; 8.10; The Importance of Waves --; 9; Wind --; 9.1; Two Examples --; 9.2; Turbulence --; 9.2.1; Details of the Gusty Breeze --; 9.2.2; Turbulence Theory --; 9.3; Wind up High --; 9.3.1; Results --; 9.3.2; Theory --; 9.4; Weather --; 9.4.1; Predictions and Guesses --; 9.4.2; High-Pressure Systems --; 9.4.3; Low-Pressure and Complications --; 9.4.4; Geography --; 9.5; Apologies --; 10; Strategy --; 10.1; Directions --; 10.1.1; Ideal Sailing Direction --; 10.1.2; Preferred Direction --; 10.1.3; Relation between the Ideal Sailing Direction and the Preferred Direction --; 10.2; Constant Preferred Direction --; 10.2.1; Condition for a Constant Preferred Direction --; 10.2.2; Finish Line --; 10.2.3; Upwind in a Constant Wind --; 10.2.4; Downwind in a Constant Wind --; 10.2.5; Upwind in a Changing Wind --; 10.2.6; Downwind in a Changing Wind --; 10.3; Variable Preferred Direction --; 10.3.1; Rings --; 10.3.2; Sailboat Ring Growth --; 10.3.3; Wind Speed Varies with Position --; 10.3.4; Wind Direction Varies with Position --; 10.4; Current --; 10.5; Least-Time Path --; 10.6; Light Analogy --; 10.7; Mathematical Approach --; 10.8; Predicting the Wind --; 10.8.1; Water's Color --; 10.8.2; Light Reflection and Polarization --; 10.8.3; Scanning the Horizon for Wind --; 10.8.4; WhichDirection Is the Wind Blowing? --; 10.8.5; WhichWay Was the Wind Blowing? --; 10.9; Real Sailing --; 11; Finally
ER  -