Kimball, John, 1942-

Physics of sailing / John Kimball. - xvii, 277 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.

Includes index.

Depart, Depart from Solid Earth -- Why Sailing, Why Physics, Why Both? -- Origins -- Egypt -- The First Sailors -- Polynesia -- China -- Speculations -- There's MuchMore -- Downwind-The Easy Direction -- Speed -- Forces -- Quadratic Approximation -- Newton's Impact Theory -- Refinements -- Boatspeed -- Apparent Wind Speed, V -- Downwind Speed Ratio, S_{0< /sub> -- Calculating the Downwind Speed Ratio -- Archimedes Principle -- Wind Shadow -- Acceleration -- Examples -- Force and Power -- Real Boat Speeds -- A Check -- Better Speed Calculations -- Acceleration -- The Speed Limit -- Upwind-The Hard Direction -- Overview -- Lift and Drag -- Wind Direction -- Forces -- Iceboats -- Iceboat Forces -- Iceboat Speed Diagram -- Derivation of Iceboat Speed Diagram -- Iceboat Speed Diagram Interpretation -- Ice Friction -- Sailboat Speeds -- Step 1: Lift and Drag Phenomenology -- Step 2: Centerboard Lift and Drag -- Where Is the Theory? -- Step 3: Pushing the Sailboat -- Step 4: Wind Lift and Drag -- Step 5: Wind and Water Forces Combined -- Scaled Units -- Comparing Graphs -- Broad Reach -- Sailing Closer to Windward -- Generalization -- Closest to the Wind -- Step 6: Sailboat Speed Diagram -- Basic Example: A Standard Sailboat -- Comparison of Speeds -- Comparisons of Lift-to-Drag Ratios -- Why Is Sailing Upwind So Complicated? -- Tipping, Torques, and Trouble -- Roll, Pitch, and Yaw -- Torques -- Winch: A Simple Example -- More General Torques -- Centers of Mass, Buoyancy, and Effort -- Center of Mass -- Center of Buoyancy -- Center of Effort -- Catamaran -- Catamaran Roll and Capsize -- Catamaran Pitch -- Iceboat -- Monohull -- Staying Upright -- Limiting the Sail's Torque -- Increasing the Restoring Torque -- Steering and Helm -- Dynamics -- Moment of Inertia -- Resonance -- Instability -- Upright Mast -- Personal Torques -- See How the Mainsail Sets -- Spinnaker -- Gaussian Curvature -- Spinnaker Shape Changes -- Make Your Own Sail -- Stress -- Mainsail and Jib -- Tight Leech -- Tight Foot -- Perfect Blend -- Sail Shape Equations -- Sail Characterization -- Twist -- Camber Ratio -- Maximum Draft Position -- Applying the Forces -- Sail Shape -- Sail Position -- Real Sails -- Pressure Variation -- Stretching, Bending, and Other Complications -- Stretching -- Gaussian Curvature -- Bending Masts -- Luff Tension -- What Really Counts -- Fluid Dynamics -- Navier-Stokes Equation -- Viscosity -- Viscosity and Pressure, Lift and Drag -- Viscosity Defined -- The Centerboard Problem -- Viscosity Physics -- Viscosity, Energy, and Dissipation -- Reynolds Number -- Reynolds Number Defined -- The Centerboard Problem: Second Attempt -- Boundary Layers -- Laminar Boundary Layer -- The Centerboard Problem: Third Attempt -- Turbulence Basics -- Turbulent Boundary Layer -- Boundary Layer Separation -- The Centerboard Problem: Final Attempt -- Problems Harder than the Centerboard Problem -- Euler Equation -- D'Alembert's Paradox -- Bernoulli's Equation -- Circulation -- Kutta-joukowski Theorem -- Lift's Many Explanations -- Two Dimensions -- Why Are Fluids So Complicated? -- Surfaces -- An Example -- Inadequate Theory -- Curiosities -- Golf Balls -- Swimming Speeds -- Shark Imitations -- When Is It Smooth Enough? -- Waves and Wakes -- Wave Shape -- Water Motion -- Gravity Waves -- Wave Frequency -- Wave Speed -- Capillary Waves -- Damping -- Wind and Waves -- Flat Water -- Fetch -- Wind and Wave Energies -- Wave Packets and Group Velocity -- An Example -- Wakes -- Properties -- Center Wake -- Side Wakes -- Wake Energy and Hull Speed -- Two Wakes Merge to One -- Sailing Uphill -- Scaling Model -- Wake Properties Derived -- The Importance of Waves -- Wind -- Two Examples -- Turbulence -- Details of the Gusty Breeze -- Turbulence Theory -- Wind up High -- Results -- Theory -- Weather -- Predictions and Guesses -- High-Pressure Systems -- Low-Pressure and Complications -- Geography -- Apologies -- Strategy -- Directions -- Ideal Sailing Direction -- Preferred Direction -- Relation between the Ideal Sailing Direction and the Preferred Direction -- Constant Preferred Direction -- Condition for a Constant Preferred Direction -- Finish Line -- Upwind in a Constant Wind -- Downwind in a Constant Wind -- Upwind in a Changing Wind -- Downwind in a Changing Wind -- Variable Preferred Direction -- Rings -- Sailboat Ring Growth -- Wind Speed Varies with Position -- Wind Direction Varies with Position -- Current -- Least-Time Path -- Light Analogy -- Mathematical Approach -- Predicting the Wind -- Water's Color -- Light Reflection and Polarization -- Scanning the Horizon for Wind -- WhichDirection Is the Wind Blowing? -- WhichWay Was the Wind Blowing? -- Real Sailing -- Finally. 1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.2.1. 1.2.2. 1.2.3. 1.2.4. 1.2.5. 1.3. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.2.1. 2.2.2. 2.2.3. 2.3. 2.3.1. 2.3.2. 2.3.3. 2.3.3.1. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. 2.6.1. 2.6.2. 2.6.3. 2.6.4. 2.6.5. 2.7. 3. 3.1. 3.1.1. 3.1.2. 3.1.3. 3.2. 3.2.1. 3.2.2. 3.2.3. 3.2.4. 3.2.5. 3.3. 3.3.1. 3.3.2. 3.3.3. 3.3.4. 3.3.5. 3.3.6. 3.3.6.1. 3.3.6.2. 3.3.6.3. 3.3.6.4. 3.3.6.5. 3.3.6.6. 3.3.7. 3.3.7.1. 3.3.7.2. 3.3.7.3. 3.4. 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.2.1. 4.2.2. 4.3. 4.3.1. 4.3.2. 4.3.3. 4.4. 4.4.1. 4.4.2. 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 4.7.1. 4.7.2. 4.8. 4.9. 4.9.1. 4.9.2. 4.9.3. 4.10. 4.11. 5. 5.1. 5.1.1. 5.1.2. 5.1.3. 5.1.4. 5.2. 5.2.1. 5.2.2. 5.2.3. 5.2.4. 5.2.5. 5.2.5.1. 5.2.5.2. 5.2.5.3. 5.2.6. 5.2.6.1. 5.2.6.2. 5.3. 5.3.1. 5.3.2. 5.3.2.1. 5.3.2.2. 5.3.2.3. 5.3.2.4. 5.4. 6. 6.1. 6.2. 6.2.1. 6.2.2. 6.2.2.1. 6.2.3. 6.2.4. 6.3. 6.3.1. 6.3.1.1. 6.4. 6.4.1. 6.4.1.1. 6.4.2. 6.4.3. 6.4.4. 6.4.4.1. 6.4.4.2. 6.5. 6.5.1. 6.5.2. 6.5.3. 6.5.4. 6.5.5. 6.5.6. 6.6. 7. 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.3.1. 7.3.2. 7.3.3. 7.4. 8. 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.3.1. 8.3.2. 8.4. 8.5. 8.6. 8.6.1. 8.6.2. 8.6.3. 8.7. 8.8. 8.9. 8.9.1. 8.9.1.1. 8.9.1.2. 8.9.2. 8.9.2.1. 8.9.2.2. 8.9.2.3. 8.9.3. 8.10. 9. 9.1. 9.2. 9.2.1. 9.2.2. 9.3. 9.3.1. 9.3.2. 9.4. 9.4.1. 9.4.2. 9.4.3. 9.4.4. 9.5. 10. 10.1. 10.1.1. 10.1.2. 10.1.3. 10.2. 10.2.1. 10.2.2. 10.2.3. 10.2.4. 10.2.5. 10.2.6. 10.3. 10.3.1. 10.3.2. 10.3.3. 10.3.4. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6. 10.7. 10.8. 10.8.1. 10.8.2. 10.8.3. 10.8.4. 10.8.5. 10.9. 11.

ISBN: 9781420073768 (pbk.) 1420073761 (pbk.)

Subjects--Topical Terms:
Sailing
Sailboats--Design and construction
Physics.

LC Class. No.: VK543 / .K56 2010

Dewey Class. No.: 623.8813}