TY  - BOOK
AU  - Gardam,Judith Gail
TI  - Necessity, proportionality, and the use of force by states
T2  - Cambridge studies in international and comparative law
SN  - 0521837529
AV  - KZ6385 .G368 2004
U1  - 341.6 22
PY  - 2004///
CY  - Cambridge, New York
PB  - Cambridge University Press
KW  - War (International law)
KW  - Necessity (International law)
KW  - Proportionality in law
N1  - Includes bibliographical references (pages 230-246) and index; 1; The place of necessity and proportionality in restraints on the forceful actions of states --; 2; Necessity, proportionality and the forceful actions of states prior to the adoption of the United Nations charter in 1945 --; 3; Proportionality and combatants in modern international humanitarian law --; 4; Proportionality and civilians in modern international humanitarian law --; 5; Necessity, proportionality and the unilateral use of force in the era of the United Nations charter --; 6; Necessity, proportionality and the United Nations system : collective actions involving the use of force
N2  - "There has been considerable debate in the international community as to the legality of the forceful actions in Kosovo in 1999, Afghanistan in 2002 and Iraq in 2003 under the United Nations Charter. There has been consensus, however, that the use of force in all these situations had to be both necessary and proportional. Against the background of these recent armed conflicts, this book offers the first comprehensive assessment of the twin requirements of necessity and proportionality as legal restraints on the forceful actions of States. It also provides a much needed examination of the relationship between proportionality in the law on the use of force and international humanitarian law."--BOOK JACKET
ER  -