TY  - BOOK
AU  - Wood,Nancy V.
TI  - Perspectives on argument
SN  - 0131823744
AV  - PE1431 .W66 2004
U1  - 808.042 21
PY  - 2004///]
CY  - Upper Saddle River, N.J.
PB  - Prentice Hall
KW  - English language
KW  - Rhetoric
KW  - Persuasion (Rhetoric)
KW  - College readers
KW  - Report writing
N1  - Previous ed.: 2001; Includes bibliographical references and index; I; Engaging with Argument for Reading and Writing --; 1; A Perspective on Argument --; What Is Your Current Perspective on Argument? --; A Definition of Argument --; Recognizing Traditional and Consensual Argument --; Under What Conditions Does Argument Work Best? --; Under What Conditions Does Argument Fail? --; Engaging with Issues --; How Should You Engage with Issues? --; Audrey Rock-Richardson I Pay Your Own Way! (Then Thank Mom) --; The Laptop Ate My Attention Span; Abby Ellin --; The Barbie Controversy; Prisna Virasin --; 2; Identifying Your Preferred Argument Style --; The Adversarial and Consensual Styles of Argument --; Individual Styles of Argument --; Influence of Background, Experience, and Role Models --; Influence of Gender --; Influence of Culture --; A Study of the Influence of Students' Gender and Culture on Their Argument Style --; Influence of Nationality --; We Knew What Glory Was; Shirlee Taylor Haizlip --; We'reFighting Terror, But Killing Freedom; Randall Hamud --; A View from Berkeley; Chang-Lin Tien --; Giving People a Second Chance; Ernest Martinez --; One of Our Own: Training Native Teachers for the 21st Century; Suzette Brewer --; Why I Want a Wife; Judy Brady --; A Simple 'Hai' Won't Do; Reiko Hatsumi --; 3; The Rhetorical Situation: Understanding Audience and Context --; Analyze the Rhetorical Situation When You Read an Argument --; Text --; Reader --; Author --; Constraints --; Exigence --; Example of an Analysis of a Rhetorical Situation from the Reader's Point of View --; Use the Rhetorical Situation When You Write Argument --; What Is the Exigence? --; Who Is the Reader or Audience? --; What Are Some of the Constraints? --; Who is the Author? --; How Should the Text Be Developed to Fit the Situation? --; Example of an Analysis of a Rhetorical Situation When You Are the Writer --; Conducting an Audience Analysis --; Determine the Audience's Initial Position and Consider How it Might Change --; Analyze the Audience's Discourse Community --; Analyze and Adapt to a Familiar Audience --; Construct an Unfamiliar Audience --; 'A' Is for 'Absent'; Chris Piper --; Driving Down the Highway, Mourning the Death of American Radio; Brent Staples --; 4; Reading, Thinking, and Writing About Issues --; Getting Started on a Writing Assignment --; Analyze the Assignment and Allocate Time --; Identify an Issue, Narrow It, and Test It --; Do Some Initial Writing, Reading, and Thinking --; Talk It Through --; Read to Develop Arguments for Your Paper --; Recognizing Written Argument --; Academic Argument --; Read While Continuing to Think and Write --; Survey and Skim to Save Time --; Identify and Read the Information in the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion --; Look for Claims, Subclaims, Support, and Transitions --; Read with an Open Mind and Analyze the Common Ground between You and the Author --; Understand the Key Words --; Underline, Annotate, and Summarize Ideas --; Write Outlines or Maps --; Take Notes and Avoid Plagiarism --; Write Your Paper, Read It, Think About It, and Revise It --; Refocus Your Issue and Reconsider Your Audience --; Make an Extended Outline to Guide Your Writing --; Write the First Draft --; Break Through Writer's Block --; Revise the Draft --; Organize Your Own Process for Reading, Thinking and Writing About Issues --; Practice Your Process by Writing These Papers --; The Summary-Response Paper --; The Summary-Analysis-Response Paper --; The Exploratory Paper --; How to Write an Exploratory Paper --; Submit Your Paper for Peer Review --; Cloning Nine Lives + One; Karen Breslau --; A Lifelong Activist's Last Fight; Kevin Fedarko --; The Year That Changed Everything; Lance Morrow --; Kids and Chores: All Work and No Pay?; Jeff D. Opdyke --; The Controversy Behind Barbie.; Prisna Virasin --; II; Understanding the Nature of Argument for Reading and Writing --; 5; The Essential Parts of an Argument: The Toulmin Model --; The Outcomes of Argument: Probability versus Certainty --; The Parts of an Argument according to the Toulmin Model --; Claim --; Support --; Warrants --; Backing --; Rebuttal --; Qualifiers --; Value of the Toulmin Model for Reading and Writing Argument --; Sense of Community Advertisement --; Practice finding the claim, support, and warrants in an advertisement for joining the military --; What's Happened to Disney Films?; John Evans --; Toulmin Analysts of 'What's Happened to Disney Films?; Beth Brunk --; American Value Systems; Richard D. Rieke and Malcolm O. Sillars --; 6; Types of Claims --; Getting a Sense of the Purpose and Parts of an Argument --; Five Types of Claims --; Claims of Fact --; Claims of Definition --; Claims of Cause --; Claims of Value --; Claims of Policy --; Claims and Argument in Real Life --; Value of the Claims and the Claim Questions for Reading and Writing Argument --; Debunking the Digital Divide; Robert Samuelson --; Zygotes and People Aren't Quite the Same; Michael S. Gazzaniga --; Paying the Price of Female Neglect; Susan Dentzer --; What's Wrong with Standard Tests?; Ted Sizer --; Doctors Call for Fair Competition --; Let's Stop Scaring Ourselves; Michael Crichton --; Unintelligent Design; Jim Holt --; When It's All Too Much; Barry Schwartz --; Devising New Math to Define Poverty; Louis Uchitelle --; No Need to Stew: A Few Tips to Cope with Life's Annoyance.; Ian Urgina --; Bringing Up Adultolescents; Peg Tyre --; 7; Types of Proof --; The Traditional Categories of Proof --; Types of Logical Proof: Logos --; A Mnemonic Device --; Argument from Sign --; Argument from Induction --; Argument from Cause --; Argument from Deduction --; Argument from Historical, Literal, or Figurative Analogy --; Argument from Definition --; Argument from Statistics --; Proof That Builds Credibility: Ethos --; Argument from Authority --; Types of Emotional Proof: Pathos --; Motivational Proofs --; Value Proofs --; A Mnemonic Device --; Logos, Ethos, and Pathos Communicated through Language and Style --; Language That Appeals to Logic --; Language That DevelopsEthos --; Language That Appeals to Emotion --; Ethics and Morality in Argument --; Value of the Proofs for Reading and Writing Argument --; Meet the Philip Morris Generation, Advertisement --; Evaluate how proofs are used in an advertisement --; Campus Climate Control; Katie Roiphe --; The Good Enough Mother; Anna Quindlen --; The Declaration of Independence; Thomas Jefferson --; 8; The Fallacies or Pseudoproofs --; Fallacies in Logic --; Fallacies That Affect Character or Ethos --; Emotional Fallacies --; Vitamin Advertisement --; Practice finding the fallacies in an advertisement --; The Latest from the Feminist 'Front"; Rush Limbaugh --; Minor Problems?; Kelly Dickerson --; Used to plan and write argument papers --; 9; Rogerian Argument and Common Ground --; Achieving Common Ground in Rogerian Argument --; Rogerian Argument as Strategy --; Writing Rogerian Argument --; Variations of Rogerian Argument --; The Advantages and Disadvantages of Rogerian Argument --; We Won't Let This War Pull Us Apart; Marykate Morse --; Human Cloning: Is It a Viable Option?; Angela A. Boatwright --; Let Those Who Ride Decide; Eric Hartman --; Dear Boss; Elizabeth Nabhan --; Appendix To Chapter 9: Review and Synthesis of the Strategies for Reading and Writing Argument --; Rhetorical Situation for Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'Letter from Birmingham Jail' --; Reading the Letters and Reporting to the Class --; Letters for Analysis --; A Call for Unity: A Letter from Eight White Clergymen -- --; Letter from Birmingham Jail; Martin Luther King Jr --; III; Writing a Research Paper That Presents an Argument --; 10; The Research Paper: Clarifying Purpose and Understanding the Audience --; Understanding the Assignment and Getting Started --; Writing a Claim and Clarifying Your Purpose --; Questions to Plan Claim and Purpose --; Some Preliminary Questions to Help You Develop Your Claim --; Developing a Research Plan --; Understanding the Audience --; Analyzing Your Class as Your Audience --; Constructing an Unfamiliar Audience --; Using Information about Your Audience --; New Yorker Cartoon --; 11; The Research Paper: Research and Invention --; Get Organized for Research --; Locating Sources for Research --; Learn to Use the Library's Online Catalog --; Learn to Find a Library Book --; Use Library Subscription Services to Find Articles --; Learn to Use Research Navigator --; Learn to Find a Printed Journal or Magazine Article --; Learn to Find Newspaper Articles --; Learn to Find Reference Materials and Government Documents --; Make Appropriate Use of the World Wide Web --; Evaluate Both Print and Online Sources --; Analyze the Author's Purpose --; Analyze the Rhetorical Situation of Your Sources --; Evaluate the Credibility of Your Sources --; Create a Bibliography --; Survey, Skim, and Read Selectively --; Develop a System for Taking and Organizing Your Notes --; Two Invention Strategies to Help You Think Creatively about Your Research and Expand Your Own Ideas --; Use Burke's Pentad to Get the Big Picture and Establish Cause --; Use Chains of Reasons to Develop Lines of Argument --; Human Cloning: An Annotated Bibliography.; Angela A. Boatwright --; 12; The Research Paper Organizing, Writing, and Revising --; Classical Organization of Arguments --; The Six Parts of Classical Organization --; Classical and Modern Organization --; Use Organizational Patterns to Help You Think and Organize --; Claim with Reasons (or Reasons Followed by Claim) --; Cause and Effect (or Effect and Cause) --; Applied Criteria --; Problem-Solution --; Chronology or Narrative --; Deduction --; Induction --; Comparison and Contrast --; Incorporate Ideas from Your Exploratory Paper --; How to Match Patterns and Support to Claims --; Outline Your Paper and Cross-Reference Your Notes --; Incorporating Research into Your First Draft --; Clearly Identify Words and Ideas from Outside Sources to Avoid Plagiarism --; Document Your Sources --; Make Revisions and Prepare the Final Copy --; Appendix To Chapter 12: How To Document Sources Using Mla and Apa Styles --; MLA: How to Cite Sources in the Body of the Text --; MLA: How to Cite Sources in the "Works Cited" Page --; MLA: Student Paper in MLA Style --; The Big Barbie Controversy; Prisna Virasin --; Questions on the Researched Position Paper, MLA Style --; APA: How to Cite Sources in the Body of the Text --; APA: How to Cite Soruces in the "References" Page --; APA: Student Paper in APA Style --; Alaskan Wolf Management; Darrell D. Greer --; Questions on the Researched Position Paper, APA Style --; Argument and Literature; IV. Further Applications: Visual and Oral Argument --; 13; Visual and Oral Argument --; Recognizing Visual and Oral Arugument --; Why Visual Argument Is Convincing: Eight Special Features --; Why Oral Argument Is Convincing: Four Special Features --; Using Argument Theory to Critique Visual and Oral Argument --; Sample Analysis of a Visual Argument --; Add Visual Argument to Support Written and Oral Argument --; Create Visual Arguments That Stand Alone --; EduGene Cloning Kit --; This visual argument expresses a point of view on modern technology --; I; Have a Dream ( Martin Luther King Jr. ) --; Color Portfolio of Visual Arguments and Questions for Discussion and Writing --; Plate 1: The West Bank Barrier Built by Israel --; Plate 2: Buzz Aldrin on the Moon --; Plate 3: Bringing Up Adultolescents --; Plate 4: The Creation of Adam --; Plate 5: Play Ball --; Plate 6: Robot with Grappler Holding a Wounded Palestinian --; Plate 7: Hands --; Plate 8: Tree near El Paso, Texas --; Plate 9: Will the Human Soul Be Next? --; Plate 10: Art (student example of visual argument) --; 14; Argument and Literature --; Finding and Analyzing Arguments in Literature --; What Is at Issue? What Is the Claim? --; Characters Making Arguments --; Writing Arguments about Literature --; Theme for English B.; Poem: Langstom Hughes --; Totally like whatever, you know?; Taylor Mali --; Mending Wall; Poem: Robert Frost --; The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas; Short Story: Ursula K. Le Guin --; A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country; Argument in a Literary Essay: Jonathan Swift --; TRACE: The Rhetorical Situation --; The Process: Reading and Writing --; The Toulmin Model --; Types of Claims --; Types of Proof and Tests of Validity --; V; The Reader --; Introduction to 'The Reader': Reading and Writing about Issue Areas --; Purpose of 'The Reader' --; How to Use 'The Reader' --; Questions to Help You Read Critically and Analytically --; Questions to Help You Read Creatively and Move from Reading to Writing --; Section I: Issues concerning Families and Personal Relationships --; A; What Is the Status of the Traditional American Family? How Far Are We Willing To Go To Establish Alternatives? -- --; Nostalgia as Ideology; Stephanie Coontz --; Arguments Against Same-Sex Marriage; James C. Dobson --; Marriage As We See It; Chris Glaser -- --; The Childless Revolution; Madelyn Cain --; B; What Causes Personal Relationships To Succeed Or Fail? -- --; The Mystery of Attraction; Harville Hendrix --; Whatever Happened to Teen Romance?; Benoit Denizet-Lewis --; The Man Date; Jennifer Lee --; State of the Union; Jay Walljasper --; The Second Shift; Sylvia Ann Hewlett --; Questions to Help You Think and Write about Families and Personal Relationships --; Section II: Issues concerning Modern Technology --; A; How Do Computers and the Internet Affect the People Who Use Them? -- --; Youths Adopt, Drive Technological Advances; Martha Irvine --; What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up in Cyberspace; Brent Staples --; The Boss in the Machine; Ellen Ullman --; B; What Policies Should Govern the Use of Human Stem Cells in Research and Medicine? -- --; The Other Stem-Cell Debate.; Jamie Shreeve --; Price to Pay: The Misuse of Embryos; Amy Laura Hall --; Bioethics Panel Suggests Stem Cell Alternatives; Nicholas Wade --; Ethics of a New Science; Claudia Wallis --; D; What Policies Should Govern Genetic Engineering of Humans? -- --; Reprogenetics: A Glimpse of Things to Come; Lee M. Silver --; Ultimate Therapy: Commercial Eugenics in the 21st Century.; Jeremy Rifkin --; Better Living through Genetics; James Wood --; Questions to Help You Think and Write about Modern Technology --; Section III: Issues Concerning Crime and the Treatment of Criminals --; A; How Should We Treat Convicted Criminals? -- --; Reflections from a Life Behind Bars: Build Colleges, Not Prisons.; James Gilligan --; Uncaptive Minds: What Teaching a College-Level Class at a Maximum Security Correctional Facility Did for the Inmates-And for Me; Ian Buruma --; Richard Taylor Getting Tough on Crime --; A Beaten Path Back to Prison.; Jennifer Gonnerman --; B; What Should Be Done With Young Offenders? -- --; The Characteristics of Youth; Aristotle --; Too Young to Die; Claudia Wallis --; A Brain Too Young for Good Judgment; Daniel R. Weinberger --; Not So Alone; Gerand Jones --; Out of Jail, into Temptation: A Day in a Life; Alan Feuer --; Questions to Help You Think and Write about Crime and the Treatment of Criminals --; IV; Issues concerning Race, Culture, and Identify --; A; How Do Race and Culture Contribute To an Individual's Sense of Identity? -- --; The Matter of Whiteness; Richard Dyer --; DNA Test Gives Students Ethnic Shocks; Emma Daly --; Documented / Undocumented; Guillermo Gomez-Pena --; On Being a Conceptual Anomaly.; Dorinne K. Kondo --; A Japanese American describes her conflict in returning to Japan, where she is expected to observe Japanese cultural traditions --; B; To What Extent Should Individuals Allow Their Cultural Heritage To Be Assimilated? -- --; Asian Identity Crisis; Yahlin Chang --; Educating Ourselves into Coexistence; Anouar Majid --; American Jews and the Problem of Identity; Edward S. Shapiro --; Questions to Help You Think and Write about Race, Culture, and Identity --; Section V: Issues Associated with Civic Responsibility --; A; Who Is Responsible for the Welfare of Disadvantaged Individuals: Government Agencies, Non-Governmental Organizations Such As Churches and Charities, Or the Disadvantaged Themselves? -- --; Between Hammers and Anvils; Jim Wright --; Report Finds AmeriCorps Fosters Greater Sense of Civic Responsibility; David Tarrant --; For the Health of the Nation: An Evangelical Call to Civic Responsibility; David Neff -- --; September 11, 2001: The Case for Universal Service; Robert E. Litan --; Becoming a Community Organizer; Barack Obama --; B; To What Extent Is the Individual Citizen Responsible for Contributing To the Larger Society? -- --; Inaugural Address; John F. Kennedy --; The Absurd Effort to Make the World Over; William Graham Sumner --; Because We Can, We Do; Tracy Kidder --; Love of Country: Patriotism Born of a Grandfather's Inspiration; Norman Lear -- --; From Long Walk to Freedom; Nelson Mandela --; The Americorps Experience: Two Students' Perspectives; David Brankey and Dianna Ball --; Questions to Help You Think and Write about Civic Responsibility --; Section VI: Issues Associated with Poverty --; A; Can World Poverty Be Eliminated? What May Be Effective? -- --; The End of Poverty; Jeffrey D. Sachs -- --; U; N. Millennium Development Goals (MDG) --; A Better Way to Fight Poverty --; Four Billion New Consumers; C. K. Pranahad and Allen L. Hammond --; The Progression from Poverty to Profit-for All --; How Can the Impoverished Many, Who Need a Hand Up, Help the Rich Corporate Few, Who Have Reached a Profit Plateau in the Developed World.; Andy Goldberg --; B; Can Individuals in the United States Work Their Way Out of Poverty If They Want To Do So? -- --; Poverty: The Forgotten Crusade; James Patterson and Peter Kim --; At the Edge of Poverty; David K. Shipler --; Fifteen Years on the Bottom Rung; Anthony DePalma --; Class and the American Dream --; Bankruptcy Reform Hits Women Hard; Marilyn Gardner --; Questions to Help You Think and Write about Poverty --; Section VII: Issues concerning War and Peace --; A; Is War Inevitable? --; The Moral Equivalent of War; William James --; Warfare: An Invention-Not a Biological Necessity; Margaret Mead --; War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning; Chris Hedges --; B; How Do People Justify War? -- --; At War with Themselves; Haim Watzman --; Why We Fight; William J. Bennett --; How Can We Understand Their Hatred?; Elie Wiesel --; C; What Might Help Establish Peace? -- --; Getting to Peace; William L. Ury --; The Atomic Bomb; Richard Rhodes --; All You Need Is Love; Bruce Hoffman
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