Intimate relationships : issues, theories, and research /
Ralph Erber, Maureen Wang Erber.
- xviii, 329 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
Includes bibliographical references (pages 275-310) and index.
Strangers, Friends, and Lovers -- Why Is Life So Complicated? -- The Need for Affiliation -- The Need for Intimacy -- The Need to Belong -- The Inevitability of Social Relationships -- Intimate Relationships Yesterday and Today -- The Way We Were -- The Way We Are Now -- Methods to Study Relationships -- The Science of Intimate Relationships: Controversies and Issues -- Methodology: Data Collection and Analysis -- Archival Research -- Systematic Observation -- Interviews and Surveys -- Interpreting Survey Data: Correlations -- Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Research -- Experimentation -- Experimental and Mundane Realism -- Interpreting Experimental Data: Dyadic Effects -- Collecting Couple Data -- Data Collection in Real Time: Recording Ongoing Interactions -- Speed-Dating as a Research Paradigm -- Data Collection in the Internet Age -- Meta-Analysis: The Analysis of Analyses -- Physical Attraction -- Physical Attractiveness and Dating Choices -- Standards of Attractiveness: Bodies and Faces -- Mirror, Mirror -- Evolution and Attractiveness -- The Importance of Averageness and Symmetry -- Cognitive Mechanisms -- The Physical Attractiveness Stereotype: Beauty is as Beauty Does -- The 'What Is Beautiful Is Good' Stereotype -- Cute Boys and Girls Are Better People, Too -- Infants Prefer Beautiful Faces -- Socialization -- Is the Attractiveness Stereotype Culturally Universal? -- Is Beauty in the Eye of the Beholder? -- Context Influences -- Dispositional Influences -- Attractiveness and Dating: A Reprise -- Psychological Attraction -- Theory-Driven Approaches -- Implicit Egotism -- The Classical and Operant Conditioning of Liking -- Attraction as Misattribution of Arousal -- Characteristics of Others (Part I): The Gleam of Praise -- Characteristics of Others (Part II): Agreement Is Everything -- Similarity: Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together? -- Complementarity: Do Opposites Attract? -- Phenomenon-Driven Approaches -- Proximity: Marrying the Boy or Girl Next Door -- Playing 'Hard to Get': Do We Love Those We Cannot Have? -- The Allure of Secret Relationships -- What Is So Lethal about Fatal Attractions? -- Self-Presentation and Self-disclosure -- Flirtation -- Self-Presentation -- Self-Presentation Norms -- Self-Presentation in the Heat of Interaction -- Detecting Deceit in Self-Presentation -- Models of Self-Disclosure -- Self-Disclosure as Social Penetration -- Self-Disclosure Reciprocity -- Individual Differences in Self-Disclosure -- Gender-related differences -- Self-Monitoring -- Self-Consciousness -- Anxiety, Trust, and Machiavellianism -- Context Influences on Self-Disclosure -- Self-Disclosure in Mature Relationships -- Fairness and Equity -- The Nature of Resources Exchanged -- Rewards and Costs -- Variety of Resources Exchanged -- Determining What Is Fair: Equity Theory -- Establishing Whether There Is Equity -- Do People Really Seek Equity? -- Reactions to Inequity -- Evaluating Relationship Outcomes: Comparison Levels -- The Thibaut and Kelley Model -- The Investment Model -- Close Relationships as Communal Relationships -- Giving and Receiving Benefits -- Controversies Surrounding the Communal-Exchange Distinction -- Love and Emotion -- Liking and Loving: A Conceptual Distinction -- The Prototype of Love -- Causal Theories of Love -- The Evolution of Love -- Love as Misattribution of Arousal -- Love as Preoccupation with the Other -- Type Theories of Love -- The Colors of Love -- Primary Love Styles -- Secondary Love Styles -- Research on Love Styles -- A Triangular Theory of Love -- Passionate Love and Companionate Love -- Individual Differences in Love -- Gender -- Differences Due to Age and Relationship Duration -- Love over Time: Does It Get Better or Worse? -- Beyond Love: A Quick Look at Guilt -- Attachment -- Patterns of Attachment in Infancy -- Causes of Different Attachment Patterns -- Adult Attachment -- From Infant Attachment to Adult Attachment: Models of Transition -- Consequences of Adult Attachment Styles -- Attachment Style and Emotional Control -- Attachment Style and Partner Choice -- Attachment Styles, Relationship Satisfaction, and Stability -- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Sexuality -- Attitudes about Sex: A Brief History -- A Brief History of Research on Sex -- Alfred Kinsey: What We Do When the Lights Are Out -- Sex in the United States Today -- Sex Around the World -- Sexual Interactions -- Sexual Pathways -- Sexual Communication -- Sex and the Married Couple: How Often Is Enough? -- Extradyadic Sex -- Sexual Orientation -- The Social Construction of Sexual Orientation -- Biological Essentialism -- The Exotic Becomes Erotic: The EBE Theory of Sexual Orientation -- Gay Brothers, but not Lesbian Sisters -- Can a Straight Person Have a Same-sex Love Relationship? -- Homophobia -- Communication and Relationship Management -- Sex Differences in Communication -- Interruptions: Let Me Finish, Please! -- Language Use and Conversation Management -- Politeness -- Tag Questions -- Qualifiers and Hedges -- Back-Channeling -- Emotionality and Support -- Men and Women: Different Cultures, Different Planets, Different 'degrees?' -- Different Cultures or Different Skills? -- Managing Relationships -- Transactive Memory in Close Relationships -- Creating and Maintaining Satisfying Relationships -- Idealization -- Attributions -- Expectations -- The Special Case of Long-Distance Relationships -- Fidelity and Jealousy -- Fidelity and Jealousy across Time and Cultures -- Fidelity -- A Brief History of Jealousy -- Defining Jealousy -- Envy: I Want What I Cannot Have (or You Can't Always Get What You Want...) -- Sources of Jealousy: The Jealous Person, the Partner, and the Rival -- The Jealous Person -- The Partner -- The Rival -- Social Cognitive Approaches to Jealousy -- Reactions to Jealousy -- Gender Differences in Perceptions of Threat -- Gender and Reactions to Infidelity: Two Approaches -- Gender and Reactions to Jealousy: 'Every breath you take, ...I'll be watching you.' -- Coping with the Green-Eyed Monster -- An Attachment Approach to Jealousy -- Relationship Violence and Abuse -- Relationship Violence: Its Definition and Measurement -- Consequences of Relationship Violence -- Causes of Relationship Violence -- Common Beliefs and Realities -- Alcohol and Relationship Violence -- The Macrocontext of Relationship Violence -- The Microcontext of Relationship Violence: Individual Dispositions -- The Need for Power -- Power and Abuse -- Individual Differenes and Interaction Variables -- Sexual Violence -- Sexual Harassment -- Coercive Sex -- Conflict -- Conflict between Lovers versus Strangers -- The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: The Nature of Conflict in Intimate Relationships -- Defining Conflict -- From Order to Disorder: Types of Conflicts -- Sources of Conflict: 'I Said ... , You Said ...' -- Gender and Conflict: 'He Said ... , She Said ...' -- Age and Conflict -- Attribution and Conflict: Partner-Level Sources of Conflict -- Reactions to Conflict -- Peterson's Stage Model: How We 'Fight' -- Expression versus Avoidance -- What We Think and How We Feel -- Affect Reciprocity and Attributions -- Attachment Style and Conflict Resolution -- Transforming Relationships-From Conflict to Growth -- The Social Skill of Conflict Resolution -- Conflict in Context -- Balance Theory of Marriage and Conflict -- Transforming Relationships with Forgiveness-'Love means you should say you're sorry' -- Chapter 14 -- Dissolution and Its Aftermath -- Dissolution of Intimate Relationships: The End of Romance -- Causes of Dissolution -- Barrier Models of Dissolution -- Other Models of Dissolution -- Evolutionary Approaches to Dissolution -- Sex Differences in Dissolution -- The Aftermath of Relationship Dissolution -- Emotional Distress -- Loneliness -- Who Are the Lonely Hearts? -- Feelings and Sources of Loneliness -- Unrequited Love -- In the Wake of Divorce -- Divorce and Health -- Structural and Sociological Factors Related to Divorce -- Children of Divorce. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.