TY  - BOOK
AU  - Rachels,James
TI  - The elements of moral philosophy
SN  - 0072476907
AV  - BJ1012 .R29 2003
U1  - 170 21
PY  - 2003///]
CY  - Boston
PB  - McGraw-Hill
KW  - Ethics
N1  - Includes bibliographical references (pages 203-212) and index; Preface --; About the Second Edition --; 1; What is Morality? --; 1.1; The Problem of Definition --; 1.2; An Example of Moral Reasoning: Baby Jane Doe --; 1.3; Reason and Impartiality --; 1.4; The Minimum Conception of Morality --; 2; The Challenge of Cultural Relativism --; 2.1; How Different Cultures Have Different Moral Codes --; 2.2; Cultural Relativism --; 2.3; The Cultural Differences Argument --; 2.4; The Consequences of Taking Cultural Relativism Seriously --; 2.5; Why There Is Less Disagreement Than It Seems --; 2.6; How All Cultures Have Some Values in Common --; 2.7; What Can Be Learned from Cultural Relativism --; 3; Subjectivism in Ethics --; 3.1; The Basic Idea of Ethical Subjectivism --; 3.2; The Evolution of the Theory --; 3.3; The First Stage: Simple Subjectivism --; 3.4; The Second Stage: Emotivism --; 3.5; Emotivism, Reason, and "Moral Facts" --; 3.6; The Example of Homosexuality --; 4; Does Morality Depend on Religion? --; 4.1; The Presumed Connection Between Morality and Religion --; 4.2; The Divine Command Theory --; 4.3; The Theory of Natural Law --; 4.4; Christianity and the Problem of Abortion --; 5; Psychological Egoism --; 5.1; Is Unselfishness Possible? --; 5.2; The Strategy of Reinterpreting Motives --; 5.3; Two Arguments in Favor of Psychological Egoism --; 5.4; Clearing Away Some Confusions --; 5.5; The Deepest Error in Psychological Egoism --; 6; Ethical Egoism --; 6.1; Is There a Duty to Contribute for Famine Relief? --; 6.2; Three Arguments in Favor of Ethical Egoism --; 6.3; Three Arguments Against Ethical Egoism --; 7; The Utilitarian Approach --; 7.1; The Revolution in Ethics --; 7.2; First Example: Euthanasia --; 7.3; Second Example: Nonhuman Animals --; 8; The Debate Over Utilitarianism --; 8.1; The Resilience of the Theory --; 8.2; Is Happiness the Only Thing That Matters? --; 8.3; Are Consequences All That Matter? --; 8.4; The Defense of Utilitarianism --; 8.5; What Is Correct and What Is Incorrect in Utilitarianism --; 9; Are There Absolute Moral Rules? --; 9.1; Kant and The Categorical Imperative --; 9.2; Absolute Rules and the Duty Not to Lie --; 9.3; Conflicts Between Rules --; 9.4; Another Look at Kant's Basic Idea --; 10; Kant and Respect for Persons --; 10.1; The Idea of "Human Dignity" --; 10.2; Retribution and Utility in the Theory of Punishment --; 10.3; Kant's Retributivism --; 11; The Idea of a Social Contract --; 11.1; Hobbes's Argument --; 11.2; The Prisoner's Dilemma --; 11.3; Some Advantages of the Social Contract Theory of Morals --; 11.4; The Problem of Civil Disobedience --; 11.5; Difficulties for the Theory --; 12; The Ethics of Virtue --; 12.1; The Ethics of Virtue and the Ethics of Right Action --; 12.2; Should We Return to the Ethics of Virtue? --; 12.3; The Virtues --; 12.4; Some Advantages of Virtue Ethics --; 12.5; The Incompleteness of Virtue Ethics --; 13; What Would a Satisfactory Moral Theory Be Like? --; 13.1; Morality Without Hubris --; 13.2; The Moral Community --; 13.3; Justice and Fairness --; Suggestions for Further Reading --; Notes on Sources --; Index
ER  -