Anthony's textbook of anatomy & physiology / Kevin T. Patton, Gary A. Thibodeau.

Includes index.

Unit One: The Body as a Whole -- Unit Two: Support and Movement -- Unit Three: Communication, Control, and Integration -- Unit Four: Transportation and Defense -- Unit Five: Respiration, Nutrition, and Excretion -- Unit Six: Reproduction and Development -- --

Unit One: The Body as a Whole -- -- 1. Organization of the Body -- Science and Society -- Anatomy and Physiology -- Anatomy -- Physiology -- Language of Science and Medicine -- Characteristics of Life -- Levels of Organization -- Chemical Level -- - Basis for Life -- Organelle Level -- Cellular Level -- Tissue Level -- Organ Level -- System Level -- Organism Level -- Anatomical Position -- Body Cavities -- Body Regions -- Abdominal Regions -- Abdominopelvic Quadrants -- Terms Used in Describing Body Structure -- Directional Terms -- Terms Related to Organs -- Body Planes and Sections -- Interaction of Structure and Function -- Homeostasis -- Homeostatic Control Mechanisms -- Basic Components of Control Mechanisms -- Negative Feedback Control Systems -- Positive Feedback Control Systems -- Feed-Forward in Control Systems -- Levels of Control -- Summary of Homeostasis -- Cycle of Life: Life Span Considerations -- The Big Picture: Organization of the Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 2. The Chemical Basis of Life -- Basic Chemistry -- Elements and Compounds -- Atoms -- Attractions Between Atoms -- Chemical Bonds -- Attractions Between Molecules -- Chemical Reactions -- Metabolism -- Catabolism -- Anabolism -- Organic and Inorganic Compounds -- Inorganic Molecules -- Water -- Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide -- Electrolytes -- Organic Molecules -- Carbohydrates -- Lipids -- Proteins -- Nucleic Acids and Related Molecules -- Combined Forms -- The Big Picture: The Chemical Basis of Life -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 3. Anatomy of Cells -- Functional Anatomy of Cells -- The Typical Cell -- Cell Structures -- Cell Membranes -- Membrane Structure -- Membrane Function -- Cytoplasm and Organelles -- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) -- Ribosomes -- Golgi Apparatus -- Lysosomes -- Proteasomes -- Peroxisomes -- Mitochondria -- Nucleus -- Cytoskeleton -- Cell Fibers -- Centrosome -- Molecular Motors -- Cell Extensions -- Cell Connections -- The Big Picture: Cell Anatomy and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 4. Physiology of Cells -- Movement of Substances Through Cell Membranes -- Passive Transport Processes -- Active Transport Processes -- Cell Metabolism -- Role of Enzymes -- Catabolism -- Anabolism -- The Big Picture: Cell Physiology and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 5. Cell Growth and Reproduction -- Protein Synthesis -- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) -- Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) -- Transcription -- Editing The Transcript -- Translation -- Cell Growth -- Production of Cytoplasm -- DNA Replication -- Cell Reproduction -- Mitosis -- Meiosis -- Regulating the Cell Life Cycle -- Cycle of Life: Cells -- The Big Picture: Cell Growth, Reproduction, and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- -- 6. Tissues -- Introduction to Tissues -- Principal Types of Tissue -- Extracellular Matrix -- Epithelial Tissue -- Types and Locations of Epithelial Tissue -- Functions of Epithelial Tissue -- Generalizations About Epithelial Tissue -- Classification of Epithelial Tissue -- Connective Tissue -- Functions of Connective Tissue -- Characteristics of Connective Tissue -- Classification of Connective Tissue -- Fibrous Connective Tissue -- Bone Tissue -- Cartilage Tissue -- Blood Tissue -- Muscle Tissue -- Nervous Tissue -- Tissue Repair -- Body Membranes -- Epithelial Membranes -- Connective Tissue Membranes -- The Big Picture: Tissues, Membranes, and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study --

Unit Two: Support and Movement -- -- 7. Skin and Its Appendages -- Structure of the Skin -- Thin and Thick Skin -- Epidermis -- Dermoepidermal Junction -- Dermis -- Hypodermis -- Skin Color -- Melanin -- Other Pigments -- Functions of the Skin -- Protection -- Sensation -- Flexibility -- Excretion -- Hormone (Vitamin D) Production -- Immunity -- Homeostasis of Body Temperature -- Appendages of the Skin -- Hair -- Nails -- Skin Glands -- Cycle of Life: Skin -- The Big Picture: Skin and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 8. Skeletal Tissues -- Functions of Bone -- Types of Bones -- Parts of a Long Bone -- Parts of a Flat Bones and Other Bones -- Bone Tissue -- Composition of Bone Matrix -- Microscopic Structure of Bone -- Compact Bone -- Cancellous Bone -- Types of Bone Cells -- Bone Marrow -- Regulation of Blood Calcium Levels -- Menisms of Calcium Homeostasis -- Development of Bone -- Intramembranous Ossification -- Endondral Ossification -- Bone Remodeling -- Repair of Bone Fractures -- Cartilage -- Types of Cartilage -- Function of Cartilage -- Growth of Cartilage -- Cycle of Life: Skeletal Tissues -- The Big Picture: Skeletal Tissues -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 9. Skeletal System -- Divisions of the Skeleton -- Axial Skeleton -- Skull -- Hyoid Bone -- Vertebral Column -- Sternum -- Ribs -- Appendicular Skeleton -- Upper Extremity -- Lower Extremity -- Skeletal Differences Between Men and Women -- Cycle of Life: Skeletal System -- The Big Picture: Skeletal System -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 10. Articulations -- Classification of Joints -- Fibrous Joints (Synarthroses) -- Cartilaginous Joints (Amphiarthroses) -- Synovial Joints (Diarthroses) -- Representative Synovial Joints -- Humeroscapular Joint -- Elbow Joint -- Forearm, Wrist, Hand, and Finger Joints -- Hip Joint -- Knee Joint -- Ankle Joint -- Vertebral Joints -- Types and Range of Movement at Synovial Joints -- Measuring Range of Motion -- Angular Movements -- Circular Movements -- Gliding Movements -- Special Movements -- Cycle of Life: Articulations -- The Big Picture: Articulations -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 11. Anatomy of the Muscular System -- Skeletal Muscle Structure -- Connective Tissue Components -- Size, Shape, and Fiber Arrangement -- Attachment of Muscles -- Muscle Actions -- Lever Systems -- How Muscles Are Named -- Hints on How to Deduce Muscle Actions -- Important Skeletal Muscles -- Muscles of Facial Expression -- Muscles of Mastication -- Muscles That Move the Head -- Trunk Muscles -- Muscles of the Thorax -- Muscles of the Abdominal Wall -- Muscles of the Back -- Muscles of the Pelvic Floor -- Upper Limb Muscles -- Muscles Acting on the Shoulder Girdle -- Muscles That Move the Upper Arm -- Muscles That Move the Forearm -- Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers -- Lower Limb Muscles -- Muscles That Move the Thigh and Lower Leg -- Muscles That Move the Ankle and Foot -- Posture -- How Posture Is Maintained -- Cycle of Life: Muscular System -- The Big Picture: Skeletal Muscles and the Whole Body -- Case Study -- -- 12. Physiology of the Muscular System -- General Functions -- Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue -- Overview of the Muscle Cell -- Myofilaments -- Mechanism of Contraction -- Energy Sources for Muscle Contraction -- Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs -- Motor Unit -- Myography -- The Twitch Contraction -- Treppe: The Staircase Phenomenon -- Tetanus -- Muscle Tone -- The Graded Strength Principle -- Isotonic and Isometric Contractions -- Function of Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Tissue -- Cardiac Muscle -- Smooth Muscle -- The Big Picture: Muscle Tissue and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study --

Unit Three: Communication, Control, and Integration -- -- 13. Nervous System Cells -- Organization of the Nervous System -- Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems -- Afferent and Efferent Divisions -- Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems -- Cells of the Nervous System -- Glia -- Neurons -- Classification of Neurons -- Reflex Arc -- Nerves and Tracts -- Repair of Nerve Fibers -- Nerve Impulses -- Membrane Potentials -- Resting Membrane Potentials -- Local Potentials -- Action Potential -- Refractory Period -- Conduction of the Action Potential -- Synaptic Transmission -- Structure of the Synapse -- Types of Synapses -- Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission -- Summation -- Synapses and Memory -- Neurotransmitters -- Classification of Neurotransmitters -- Acetylline -- Amines -- Amino Acids -- Other Small-Molecule Transmitters -- Neuropeptides -- Role of Nervous System Cells -- Cycle of Life: Nervous System Cells -- The Big Picture: Nervous System Cells and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 14. Central Nervous System -- Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord -- Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Fluid Spaces -- Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Spinal Cord -- Structure of the Spinal Cord -- Functions of the Spinal Cord -- Brain -- Structure of the Brainstem -- Functions of the Brainstem -- Structure of the Cerebellum -- Functions of the Cerebellum -- Diencephalon -- Structure of the Cerebrum -- Functions of the Cerebral Cortex -- Consciousness -- Language -- Emotions -- Memory -- Somatic Sensory Pathways in the Central Nervous System -- Somatic Motor Pathways in the Central Nervous System -- Pyramidal Tracts -- Extrapyramidal Tracts -- Cycle of Life: Central Nervous System -- The Big Picture: The Central Nervous System and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 15. Peripheral Nervous System -- Spinal Nerves -- Structure of Spinal Nerves -- Nerve Plexuses -- Dermatomes and Myotomes -- Cranial Nerves -- Olfactory Nerve (I) -- Optic Nerve (II) -- Oculomotor Nerve (III) -- Troear Nerve (IV) -- Trigeminal Nerve (V) -- Abducens Nerve (VI) -- Facial Nerve (VII) -- Vestibulocoear Nerve (VIII) -- Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) -- Vagus Nerve (X) -- Accessory Nerve (XI) -- Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) -- Somatic Motor Nervous System -- Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System -- The Big Picture: Peripheral Nervous System and the Whole Body -- Case Study -- -- 16. Autonomic Nervous System -- Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System -- Role of the Autonomic Nervous System -- Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System -- Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System -- Basic Plan of Autonomic Pathways -- Structure of the Sympathetic Pathways -- Structure of the Parasympathetic Pathways -- Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors -- Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System -- Overview of Autonomic Function -- Functions of the Sympathetic Division -- Functions of the Parasympathetic Division -- The Big Picture: Autonomic Nervous System and the Whole Body -- Case Study -- -- 17. Sense Organs -- Sensory Receptors -- Receptor Response -- Distribution of Receptors -- Classification of Receptors -- Classification by Location -- Classification by Stimulus Detected -- Classification by Structure -- Sense of Smell -- Olfactory Receptors -- Olfactory Pathway -- Sense of Taste -- Taste Buds -- Neural Pathway for Taste -- Senses of Hearing and Balance: The Ear -- External Ear -- Middle Ear -- Inner Ear -- Vision: The Eye -- Structure of the Eye -- The Process of Seeing -- Cycle of Life: Sense Organs -- The Big Picture: Sense Organs -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 18. Endocrine System -- Organization of the Endocrine System -- Hormones -- Classification of Hormones -- How Hormones Work -- Regulation of Hormone Secretion -- Regulation of Targel Cell Sensitivity -- Prostaglandins -- The Big Picture: The Endocrine System and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 19. Endocrine Glands -- Pituitary Gland -- Structure of the Pituitary Gland -- Adenohypophysis (Anterior Lobe of Pituitary) -- Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary) -- Pineal Gland -- Thyroid Gland -- Structure of the Thyroid Gland -- Thyroid Hormone -- Calcitonin -- Parathyroid Glands -- Structure of the Parathyroid Glands -- Parathyroid Hormone -- Adrenal Glands -- Structure of the Adrenal Glands -- Adrenal Cortex -- Adrenal Medulla -- Pancreatic Islet -- Structure of the Pancreatic Islets -- Pancreatic Hormones -- Gonads -- Testes -- Ovaries -- Placenta -- Thymus -- Gastric and Intestinal Mucosa -- Heart -- Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones -- Cycle of Life: Endocrine System -- The Big Picture: The Endocrine System and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study --

Unit Four: Transportation and Defense -- -- 20. Blood -- Composition of Blood -- Blood Volume -- Formed Elements of Blood -- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) -- White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) -- Platelcts -- Blood Types (Blood Groups) -- The ABO System -- The Rh System -- Blood Plasma -- Blood Clotting (Coagulation) -- Mechnism of Blood Clotting -- Conditions That Oppose Clotting -- Conditions That Hasten Clotting -- Clot Dissolution -- The Big Picture: Blood and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 21. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System -- Heart -- Location of the Heart -- Size and Shape of the Heart -- Coverings of the Heart -- Structure of the Heart -- Blood Vessel Types -- Arteries -- Capillaries -- Veins -- Structure of Blood Vessels -- Major Blood Vessels -- Circulatory Routes -- Systemic Circulation -- Cycle of Life: Cardiovascular Anatomy -- The Big Picture: Cardiovascular Anatomy and the Whole Body -- Mechnisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 22. Physiology of the Cardiovascular System -- Hemodynamics -- The Heart as a Pump -- Conduction System of the Heart -- Electrocardiogram (ECG) -- Cardiac Cycle -- Heart Sounds -- Primary Principle of Circulation -- Arterial Blood Pressure -- Cardiac Output -- Peripheral Resistance -- Venous Return to the Heart -- Venous Pumps -- Total Blood Volume -- Measuring Blood Pressure -- Arterial Blood Pressure -- Blood Pressure and Bleeding -- Minute Volume of Blood -- Velocity of Blood Flow -- Pulse -- Menism -- Pulse Wave -- Where the Pulse Can Be Felt -- Venous Pulse -- Cycle of Life: Cardiovascular Physiology -- The Big Picture: Blood Flow and the Whole Body -- Mechnisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 23. Lymphatic System -- Overview of the Lymphatic System -- Lymph and Interstitial Fluid -- Lymphatic Vessels -- Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels -- Structure of Lymphatic Vessels -- Functions of Lymphatic Vessels -- Circulation of Lymph -- The Lymphatic Pump -- Lymph Nodes -- Structure of Lymph Nodes -- Locations of Lymph Nodes -- Functions of Lymph Nodes -- Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast -- Distribution of Lymphatics in the Breast -- Lymph Nodes Associated with the Breast -- Tonsils -- Thymus -- Location and Appearance of the Thymus -- Structure of the Thymus -- Function of the Thymus -- Spleen -- Location of the Spleen -- Structure of the Spleen -- Functions of the Spleen -- Cycle of Life: Lymphatic System -- The Big Picture: Lymphatic System and the Whole Body -- Menisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 24. Immune System -- Organization of the Immune System -- Innate Immunity -- Species Resistance -- Mechnical and mical Barriers -- Inflammation and Fever -- Phagocytosis -- Natural Killer Cells -- Interferon -- Complement -- Toll-like Receptors -- Overview of Adaptive Immunity -- B Cells and Antibody-Mediated Immunity -- Development and Activation of B Cells -- Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) -- Clonal Selection Theory -- T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity -- Development of T Cells -- Activation and Functions of T Cells -- Types of Adaptive Immunity -- Summary of Adaptive Immunity -- The Big Picture: Immune System and the Whole Body -- Mechnisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 25. Stress -- Selye's Concept of Stress -- Development of the Stress Concept -- Definitions -- Stressors -- General Adaptation Syndrome -- Mechnism of Stress -- Some Current Concepts About Stress -- Definitions -- Stress Syndrome -- Stress and Disease -- Indicators of Stress -- Corticoids and Resistance to Stress -- Psylogical Stress -- Effects of Intrauterine Stress -- The Big Picture: Stress and the Whole Body -- Case Study --

Unit Five: Respiration, Nutrition, and Excretion -- -- 26. Anatomy of the Respiratory System -- Structural Plan of the Respiratory System -- Upper Respiratory Tract -- Nose -- Pharynx -- Larynx -- Lower Respiratory Tract -- Trachea -- Bronchi and Alveoli -- Lungs -- Thorax -- Cycle of Life: Respiratory System -- The Big Picture: Anatomy of the Respiratory System -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 27. Physiology of the Respiratory System -- Respiratory Physiology -- Pulmonary Ventilation -- Mechanism of Pulmonary Ventilation -- Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities -- Pulmonary Gas Exchange -- Partial Pressure -- Exchange of Gases in the Lungs -- How Blood Transports Gases -- Hemoglobin -- Transport of Oxygen -- Transport of Carbon Dioxide -- Systemic Gas Exchange -- Regulation of Pulmonary Function -- Respiratory Control Centers -- Factors That Influence Breathing -- Ventilation and Perfusion -- The Big Picture: Respiratory Physiology and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 28. Anatomy of the Digestive System -- Organization of the Digestive System -- Organs of Digestion -- Wall of the GI Tract -- Mouth -- Structure of the Oral Cavity -- Salivary Glands -- Teeth -- Pharynx -- Esophagus -- Stomach -- Size and Position of the Stomach -- Divisions of the Stomach -- Curves of the Stomach -- Sphincter Muscles -- Stomach Wall -- Functions of the Stomach -- Small Intestine -- Size and Position of the Small Intestine -- Divisions of the Small Intestine -- Wall of the Small Intestine -- Large Intestine -- Size of the Large Intestine -- Divisions of the Large Intestine -- Wall of the Large Intestine -- Vermiform Appendix -- Peritoneum -- Liver -- Location and Size of the Liver -- Liver Lobes and Lobules -- Bile Ducts -- Functions of the Liver -- Gallbladder -- Size and Location of the Gallbladder -- Structure of the Gallbladder -- Functions of the Gallbladder -- Pancreas -- Size and Location of the Pancreas -- Structure of the Pancreas -- Functions of the Pancreas -- Cycle of Life: Digestive System -- The Big Picture: Anatomy of the Digestive System -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 29. Physiology of the Digestive System -- Overview of Digestive Function -- Digestion -- Mechanical Digestion -- Chemical Digestion -- Secretion -- Saliva -- Gastric Juice -- Pancreatic Juice -- Bile -- Intestinal Juice -- Control of Digestive Gland Secretion -- Control of Salivary Secretion -- Control of Gastric Secretion -- Control of Pancreatic Secretion -- Control of Bile Secretion -- Control of Intestinal Secretion -- Absorption -- Process of Absorption -- Mechanisms of Absorption -- Elimination -- The Big Picture: Digestion and the Whole Body -- Case Study -- -- 30. Nutrition and Metabolism -- Overview of Nutrition and Metabolism -- Carbohydrates -- Dietary Sources of Carbohydrates -- Carbohydrate Metabolism -- Lipids -- Dietary Sources of Lipids -- Transport of Lipids -- Lipid Metabolism -- Proteins -- Sources of Proteins -- Protein Metabolism -- Vitamins and Minerals -- Vitamins -- Minerals -- Metabolic Rates -- Basal Metabolic Rate -- Total Metabolic Rate -- Energy Balance and Body Weight -- Mechanisms for Regulating Food Intake -- Cycle of Life: Nutrition and Metabolism -- The Big Picture: Nutrition, Metabolism, and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 31. Urinary System -- Anatomy of the Urinary System -- Gross Structure -- Microscopic Structure -- Physiology of the Urinary System -- Overview of Kidney Function -- Filtration -- Reabsorption -- Tubular Secretion -- Regulation of Urine Volume -- Urine Composition -- Cycle of Life: Urinary System -- The Big Picture: Urinary System and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 32. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance -- Interrelationship of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance -- Total Body Water -- Body Fluid Compartments -- Chemical Content, Distribution, and Measurement of Electrolytes in Body Fluids -- Extracellular vs. Intracellular Fluids -- Measuring Electrolyte Reactivity -- Avenues by Which Water Enters and Leaves the Body -- Some General Principles About Fluid Balance -- Mechanisms That Maintain Homeostasis of Total Fluid Volume -- Regulation of Fluid Intake -- Regulation of Urine Volume -- Factors That Alter Fluid Loss Under Abnormal Conditions -- Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Levels in Plasma and Interstitial Fluid -- Edema -- Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Levels in ICF -- Regulation of Sodium and Potassium Levels in Body Fluids -- Cycle of Life: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance -- The Big Picture: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 33. Acid-Base Balance -- Mechanisms That Control pH of Body Fluids -- Review of the pH Concept -- Sources of pH-Influencing Elements -- Types of pH Control Mechanisms -- Effectiveness of pH Control Mechanisms -- -Range of pH -- Buffer Mechanisms for Controlling pH of Body Fluids -- Buffers Defined -- Buffer Pairs Present in Body Fluids -- Buffer Actions That Prevent Marked nges in pH of Body Fluids -- Evaluation of the Role of Buffers in pH Control -- Respiratory Mechanisms of pH Control -- Explanation of Respiratory Mechanisms -- Respirations' Adjustment to Counter pH Imbalance of Arterial Blood -- Principles That Relate Respirations to pH Value -- Urinary Mechanisms That Control pH -- General Principles Concerning Urinary Mechanisms -- Mechanisms That Control Urine pH -- The Big Picture: Acid-Base Balance -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study --

Unit Six: Reproduction and Development -- -- 34. Male Reproductive System -- Sexual Reproduction -- Male Reproductive Organs -- Perineum -- Testes -- Structure and Location -- Microscopic Anatomy of the Testis -- Testes Functions -- Spermatozoa -- Reproductive Ducts -- Epididymis -- Vas Deferens -- Ejaculatory Duct -- Urethra -- Accessory Reproductive Glands -- Seminal Vesicles -- Prostate Gland -- Bulbourethral Glands -- Supporting Structures -- Scrotum -- Penis -- Spermatic Cords -- Composition and Course of Seminal Fluid -- Male Fertility -- Cycle of Life: Male Reproductive System -- The Big Picture: Male Reproductive System -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 35. Female Reproductive System -- Overview of the Female Reproductive System -- Function of the Female Reproductive System -- Structural Plan of the Female Reproductive System -- Perineum -- Ovaries -- Location of the Ovaries -- Microscopic Structure of the Ovaries -- Functions of the Ovaries -- Uterus -- Structure of the Uterus -- Functions of the Uterus -- Uterine Tubes -- Location of the Uterine Tubes -- Structure of the Uterine Tubes -- Function of the Uterine Tubes -- Vagina -- Location of the Vagina -- Structure of the Vagina -- Functions of the Vagina -- Vulva -- Structure of the Vulva -- Functions of the Vulva -- Female Reproductive Cycles -- Recurring Cycles -- Control of Female Reproductive Cycles -- Importance of Female Reproductive Cycles -- Infertility and Use of Fertility Drugs -- Menarch and Menopause -- Breasts -- Location and Size of the Breasts -- Structure of the Breasts -- Function of the Breasts -- Cycle of Life: Female Reproductive System -- The Big Picture: Female Reproductive System and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 36. Growth and Development -- A New Human Life -- Production of Sex Cells -- Ovulation and Insemination -- Fertilization -- Prenatal Period -- Cleavage and Implantation -- Placenta -- Periods of Development -- Stem Cells -- Formation of the Primary Germ Layers -- Histogenesis and Organogenesis -- Birth, or Parturition -- Stages of Labor -- Multiple Births -- Postnatal Period -- Infancy -- Childhood -- Adolescence and Adulthood -- Older Adulthood and Senescence -- Effects of Aging -- Skeletal System -- Muscular System -- Integumentary System (Skin) -- Urinary System -- Respiratory System -- Cardiovascular System -- Special Senses -- Reproductive Systems -- Benefits of Aging -- Causes of Death -- The Big Picture: Growth, Development, and the Whole Body -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Case Study -- -- 37. Genetics and Heredity -- The Science of Genetics -- Chromosomes and Genes -- Mechanism of Gene Function -- The Human Genome -- Distribution of Chromosomes to Offspring -- Gene Expression -- Hereditary Traits -- Sex-Linked Traits -- Genetic Mutations -- Medical Genetics -- Mechanisms of Genetic Diseases -- Single-Gene Diseases -- Chromosomal Diseases -- Genetic Basis of Cancer -- Prevention and Treatment of Genetic Diseases -- Genetic Counseling -- Treating Genetic Diseases -- The Big Picture: Genetics, Heredity, and the Whole Body -- Case Study.

This is an exceptionally well presented and approachable anatomy and physiology text. It's highly visual and clear style helps to clarify complex and difficult material. The quality of the pictures and diagrams is excellent.This is an outstanding resource.

Tertiary/Undergraduate.

Machine converted from AACR2 source record.