Health care law : text and materials.

Revised edition of: Health care law : text, cases, and materials / Jean McHale, Marie Fox, John Murphy. 1997.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Rights to health and health care -- 2. Health care ethics -- 3. Professional accountability I -- 4. Professional accountability II -- 5. Capacity -- 6. Consent -- 7. Children -- 8. Mental health -- 9. Health care, privacy and confidentiality -- 10. Clinical research -- 11. Reproductive choice I : assisted conception -- 12. Reproductive choice II : contraception and abortion -- 13. Reproductive choice III -- 14. End of life -- 15. Death and legal regulation of the use of live and cadaver material -- --

Part I -- -- 1. Rights To Health And Health Care -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Scope of Rights to Health and Health Care -- 3. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention -- a. Contagious Disease Control -- b. Compulsory Care and the Right to be IIl -- c. Health Promotion -- 4. The Provision of NHS Services -- a. Primary Care -- b. Secondary Care -- 5. Access to Health Services -- a. Duties to Provide Services -- b. Enforcement of Duties to Provide Services -- -- 2. Health Care Ethics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Is Morality "Relative"' -- 3. Law and Morality -- 4. Consequentialism -- 5. Deontology, Rights and Principalism -- 6. Virtue Ethics, Feminist Ethics and Nursing Ethics -- 7. Autonomy Consent and Paternalism -- 8. Ethical Issues at the Beginning and End of Life -- --Part II -- -- 3. Professional Accountability -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Malpractice Action -- a. Introduction -- b. The Duty of Care -- c. The Standard of Care -- d. The Burden of Proof -- e. Causation -- 3. Defective Medicinal Products and Drugs -- 4. Gross Negligence and Criminal Liability -- 5. Reform of Fault-Based Liability -- a. General Difficulties with the Tort System -- b. Specific Difficulties with Medical Negligence Litigation -- c. Reforming the Clinical Negligence System -- -- 4. Professional Accountability II -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Complaints within the NHS -- a. The Aims of a Complaints Process -- b. The Complaints Process -- 3. Disciplinary Procedures in the NHS in relation to Health Care Professionals -- 4. Health Service Commissioner -- 5. Self-regulation of the Health Care Professions -- a. Case Study: the Role of the General Medical Council -- --

Part III -- -- 5. Capacity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Reform Process -- 3. Principles -- 4. The Challenge of Capacity -- 5. Capacity to Consent at Common Law and under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 -- b. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 -- 6. Treatment without Consent: Best Interests Test -- a. The Common Law -- -- 6. Consent -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Need for Consent -- a. The Criminal Law -- b. The Civil Law -- 3. The Meaning of Consent -- a. The Nature of "Real Consent" -- b. Controversies in Relation to Consent -- c. Disclosure and the Quality of Consent -- 4. Vitiation of Consent -- -- 7. Children -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Legal Position of the Young Child -- a. The Court's Role in Approving the Withdrawal or Withholding of Medical Treatment in the Case of Neonates and Young Children -- b. Cases where Parents Seek to Compel Treatment Contrary to Miedical Assessments of Best Interests -- c. The Special Case of Conjoined Twins -- 3. An Older Child's Capacity to Consent to Medical Treatment: Statute and Common law -- a. The Statutory Power of Consent -- b. The Common Law Power of Consent -- 4. The Retreat from Gillick -- a. Refusal of Treatment by Adolescents -- b. Refusal of Treatment by Adolescents on the Basis of Belief -- 5. Limits to the Parental Power of Consent -- --

8. Mental Health -- 1. Introduction -- a. Reform -- b. Principles for Mental Health Legislation -- c. The Significance of Safeguards -- 2. Admission to Hospital -- 3. Compulsory Admission to Hospital -- a. The Main Admission Sections -- c. Other Criteria for Admission -- d. Procedural Issues -- e. Admission for Assessment in Emergency -- f. Admission of Patents Already in Hospital -- 4. In Hospital -- a. Detention -- b. Leave of Absence -- c. Discipline and Control of Patient Activity -- d. Treatment -- e. Information -- f. Correspondence -- g. Mental Health Act Commission -- 5. Discharge -- 6. Mental Health Review Tribunals -- 7. Community Care and treatment -- a. Guardianship -- b. Afte-Care under Supervision -- -- 9. Health Care, Privacy and Confidentiality -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Obligation of Confidentiality and Professional Ethical Codes-- 3. Confidentiality in the Contract of Employment -- 4. Non-statutory Protection in Law for Confidential Information: Breach of Confidence -- a. Basis for the Action -- b. The Relationship between Confidentiality and Privacy -- c. Confidentiality and Anonymised Information -- d. Who Can Bring an Action for Breach of Confidence? -- e. Grounds for Disclosure -- f. Conflicts of Disclosure where Doctors Have Dual Responsibilities-- 5. Remedies for Breach of Confidence -- a. Injunction -- b. Damages -- 6. Confidentiality Requirements Imposed by Statute -- a. Venereal Disease -- b. Infertility Treatment -- 7. Statutory Exceptions -- 8. Investigation of Crime -- 9. Disclosure and Judicial Proceedings -- 10. Data Protection and Access to Health Records -- a. Data Protection Act 1998 -- b. Access to Medical Reports Act 1988 -- c. Disclosure of Medical Records as a Preliminary to Legal Proceedings -- d. Access to Health Records at Common Law -- --

10. Clinical Research -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Regulating Research: National Oversight -- 3. Approval of a Clinical Trial: the Research Ethics Committee -- a. The remit of a Research Ethics Committee -- b. Membership of the Committee -- c. Approval of Multi-centred Research -- d. Procedure for Reviewing Trials -- e. Reform of the Research Ethics Committee System -- 4. The Research Subject -- a. Obtaininng Consent -- b. Randornised Clinical Trials -- c. Trials Including Child Subjects -- d. Trials Involving Adults without Mental Capacity -- e. Follow-up by Research Ethics Committees -- 5. Trials Concerning Medicinal Products -- a. Scrutiny by Research Ethics Committee of Trials Concerning Medicinal Products -- 6. Confidentiality and Privacy of Research Participants' Informarion -- 7. Regulating Fraudulent Researchers -- 8. Scrutinising the Approval of Clinical Trials -- a. Challenging the Decision of a Local Research Ethics Committee to Approve a Clinical Trial -- b. Liability of Members of a Research Ethics Committee to a Research Subject Injured in a Clinical Trial -- 9. Compensation for Research Subjects who Suffer Harm through Participation in a Clinical Trial -- 10. Embryo Research -- a. General -- b. Cloning and Stem Cell Research -- 11. Animal Research -- --

Part IV -- -- 11. Reproductive Choice I: Assisted Conception -- 1. Introduction -- a. Constitution of HFEA -- b. The Legislative Framework of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act -- 3. Techniques for Alleviating Infertility -- a. Gamete Donation -- b. In Vitro Fertilisation IVF. -- c. Surrogacy -- 4. Access to Reproductive Technologies -- a. The Welfare of the Child -- 5. Conscientious Objection -- 6. Allocation of Resources and Treating Infertility -- 7. Rights to Reproduce -- 8. The Impact of Reproductive Technologies on "the Famiily" -- a. Mothers -- b. Fathers -- c. Children of the Reproductive evolution -- 9. Donation and Storage of Embryos -- 10. Reproductive Choices: the Limits of Permissible Choice - PGD and the Ethics of Tissue Typing and Sex Selection -- a. The Selection of Saviour Siblings -- b. Sex Selection -- c. Reproductive Cloning -- 11. Procreative Tourism -- 12. Liability for Disability -- -- 12. Reproductive Choice II: Contraception And Abortion -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contraception -- 3. The Ethics of Abortion -- a. The Construction of the Ethical Debate -- b. The Moral Status of the Foetus -- c. The Relationship between Ethics and Law -- 4. The Law of Abortion -- a. The Criminal Prohibition on Procuring a Miscarriage -- b. The Statutory Grounds for Lawful Termination -- c. Where and How May Lawful Abortion be Performed? -- d. Emergency Abortions -- 5. Conrflicting interests at Stake in Abortion Decisions -- a. The Pregnant woman -- b. The Incompetent Pregnant Woman -- c. The Foetus -- d. The Putative Father -- e. The Parents of an Under-age Girl -- 6. Conscientious Objection -- --

13. Reproductive Choice II -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Authorising Sterilisation of the Incompetent Patient -- a. General Principles -- b. Sterilising the Mentally Incompetent Minor: the Early Case Law -- d. A New Approach to Sterilisation Cases -- 3. Management of Pregnancy -- 4. Childbirth -- a. The Choice of Where and How to Give Birth -- b. Controlling Childbirth: Enforced Caesarians -- 5. Liability for injury in Connection with Failed Sterilisation and -- a. Actions Brought on Behalf of the Child -- b. Actions Brought by Parents -- c. Claims in Negligence -- -- Part V -- -- 14. End Of Life -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ending the Life of a Patient: Criminal Law -- a. Suicide -- b. Murder/Manslaughter -- 3. Judicial Sanctioning of the Approval of Life Support Systems from an Incompetent Patient -- a. Withdrawal of Treatment from Adult Patients -- b. Discontinuation of Treatment and the Human Rights Act 1998 -- c. Do Not Resuscitate Orders -- d. Conflicts between Family Members and Clinicians Regarding the Continuation of Treatment -- e. Judicial Sanctioning of Withdrawal of Life-Saving Treatment from a Competent Patient -- f. The Right "to Live" -- 4. English Law Reform -- a. Active Termination of Life -- b. Defence to those Prosecuted for Active Cessation of Life of a Neonate -- c. Statutory Recognition of Mercy Killing -- d. Advance Directives -- e. Power of Attorney -- -- 15. Death And Legal Regulation Of The Use Of Live -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Death -- a. Diagnosing Death -- b. Deciding the Point of Death-the Law -- c. Extending the Definition of Death-Cognitive Death -- 3. Legal Regulation of the Use of Human Material -- a. Introduction -- b. Human Material from the Living-Common Law -- c. Organ and Tissue Ownership- Common Law -- d. Legal Regulation of Human Material: the Human Tissue Act 2004 -- 4. Increasing the Supply of Organs for Transplantation: Measures for Reform -- a. Opting-in Registry -- b. Altering Clinical Procedures to Facilitate Transplantation -- c. Presumed Consent -- d. Required Request and Routine Enquiry -- e. A Market in Organs -- f. Xenotransplantation -- 5. Accountability for Defective Organs or Tissue.

Reflecting recent legal, professional and technological developments, this book provides a collection of materials and accompanying linking commentary that reflects the complexity of health care issues. Topics covered include the changing structure of the NHS and the expanding role of nurses.