A history of modern psychology in context / Wade E. Pickren and Alexandra Rutherford.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Preface and Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Why History? Why History of Psychology? -- Reflexivity -- Social Constructionism -- Indigenization -- Other Aspects of Our Story -- Organizational Overview -- Bibliographic Essay -- 1. Origins of A Science of Mind -- Introduction -- Philosophy: Descartes and Locke as Exemplars -- Rene Descartes (1596-1650) -- John Locke (1632-1704) -- The Legacy of Descartes and Locke for Psychology -- Physiology and Medicine: The Search for Material Explanations of Human Nature -- Medicine and Naturalistic Explanation -- Research in the Physiology of the Nervous System -- The Mechanization of the Brain -- Sidebar 1.1 Focus on Christine Ladd-Franklin -- Darwin, Natural Selection, and the Laws of Nature -- Journey to the Galapagos -- Continuity: Humans and Natural Law -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 2. Everyday Life and Psychological Practices -- Introduction -- New Technologies -- Technologies of Devotion and Piety -- Technologies of Self-Perception and Self-Expression -- Psychological Consequences of Commercial Society -- Changes in Family Life -- Reading the Signs of the Body in the Era of Industrial Capitalism -- The First Industrial Revolution -- Reading the Signs of the Body -- Physiognomy -- Phrenology -- Sidebar 2.1 Focus on the Fowler Brothers -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 3. Subject Matter, Methods, and the Making of A New Science -- Introduction -- Can Psychology Be a Science? -- Kant's Challenge -- Psychophysics and the Possibility of a New Science -- The German Intellectual Tradition -- Wilhelm Wundt and the New Psychology -- Psychology in Britain and France -- The New Psychology in America -- William James and a Science of Psychology -- The Principles of Psychology -- The Demise of Introspection in American Psychology -- Thorndike, the Animal Mind, and Animal Behavior -- Pavlov, Animal Learning, and the Environment -- Perry and Changing Beliefs About the Nature of Consciousness -- Watson and the Rise of Behaviorism -- Behaviorism: Influential but Contested -- Sidebar 3.1 Focus on Mary Whiton Calkins -- Behaviorism and American Life -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 4. From Periphery To Center: Creating an American Psychology -- Introduction -- American Mental and Moral Philosophy -- Forging a Psychological Sensibility: From Religion to Psychical Research -- Religion and Revival -- Mesmerism and Religion -- Spiritualism -- New Thought -- Psychical Phenomena -- Boundary Work and the New Psychology: Establishing the Center and Marking the Periphery -- American Psychologists: Organization and Application -- Organizing for Science -- Making Psychology Useful -- Engaging the Public -- Education: The Pay Vein That Supports the Mine -- Psychologists in Industry -- Sidebar 4.1 Focus on Lillian Moller Gilbreth -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 5. The Practice of Psychology At the Interface With Medicine -- Introduction -- Enlightenment and Madness -- From Mesmerism to Hypnosis -- Charcot: The Napoleon of the Neuroses -- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) -- Sidebar 5.1 Focus on Bertha Pappenheim -- Freud's Impact on Psychology as a Mental Health Profession -- Therapeutic Nihilism -- Psychologists, Psychoanalysis, and Mental Health in America -- Boundaries Between Psychology and Medicine -- Mental Testing -- Psychologists and the Question of Boundaries with Psychoanalysis -- Psychoanalysis and Psychosomatic Medicine Psychoanalysis Outside Europe and North America -- Psychologists, Psychoanalysis, and Mental Health in India -- Psychoanalysis in Argentina -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 6. Psychologists As Testers: Applying Psychology, Ordering Society -- Introduction -- The Roots of Mental Testing in America -- Mental Tests Go to the Fair -- Lightner Witmer and the Prehistory of Clinical Psychology -- Sorting the Sexes -- Sidebar 6.1 Focus on Leta Stetter Hollingworth -- The Demise of Mental Tests and the Rise of the IQ -- Lewis Terman and the Americanization of Intelligence Testing -- Army Intelligence: World War I Puts Psychology on the Map -- World War I and Its Impact on American Psychology Intelligence Testing Around the World: Center or Periphery? -- The French Twist -- The British Context -- Dutch Society -- Germany and Psychotechnics -- What Did the Tests Test? -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 7. American Psychological Science and Practice Between the World Wars -- Introduction -- Who Owns Psychology? -- Organization and Cooperation -- Organization -- Cooperative Research and Philanthropy -- The Kingdom of Behavior: Mainstream Psychology, 1920-1940 -- Neobehaviorism -- Developing Developmental Psychology -- Sidebar 7.1 Focus on Mary Cover Jones -- Race, Ethnicity, Intelligence, and Resistance -- Psychologists and Scientific Racism -- Challenges to Psychometric Racism -- Sexuality Research -- Personality Psychology -- Assessing Personality -- Henry Murray, the Harvard Psychological Clinic, and the TAT -- Personality, Personnel, and the Management of the Worker -- The Disciplinary Emergence of Social Psychology in America -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay --

8. Psychology in Europe Between the World Wars -- Introduction -- Psychology, Natural Science, and Philosophy in Germany and Austria -- Gestalt Psychology in Germany -- Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) -- The Dorpat School of Religious Psychology -- German Psychology After 1933 -- Psychology in Vienna -- Sidebar 8.1 Focus on Marie Jahoda -- Psychology, Natural Science, and Philosophy Across Continental Europe -- Developments in France -- Developments in the Netherlands -- Psychology in Russia and the Early Years of the Soviet Union -- Psychotechnics -- Psychology in Britain -- Psychology at Cambridge -- War and Psychology in Britain -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 9. The Golden Age of American Psychology -- Introduction -- Preparing for War -- The National Council of Women Psychologists -- War Service -- Psychiatric Casualties and the Consolidation of Clinical Psychology -- Golden Age of Psychology -- Postwar Initiatives for Training Mental Health Professionals -- Clinical Psychology and the VA -- National Institute of Mental Health -- Challenges to the New Clinical Psychology -- Psychology versus Psychiatry -- Antipsychiatry and the Treatment of Mental Disorders -- Diversifying Psychological Research in the Golden Age -- VA Clinical Research -- The NIMH and the Expansion of Research -- B. F. Skinner, Culture, and Controversy -- The Third Force: Humanistic Psychology Challenges the Status Quo -- Complicating Social Psychology -- Psychologists, Racial Identity, and Civil Rights -- Sidebar 9.1 Focus on Kenneth and Mamie Phipps Clark -- Interracial Housing -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 10. Internationalization and Indigenization of Psychology Afterworld War Ii -- Introduction -- Internationalization and Indigenization -- Back Story: Western Psychology in Non-Western Settings -- China -- Japan -- India -- Africa -- Indigenous Psychologies -- Indigenization in Context -- Liberation and Nonalignment in Postcolonial Nations -- Examples of Indigenous Psychologies -- Refashioning Psychology for a Cultural Match in India -- Sidebar 10.1 Focus on Jai B. P. Sinha -- Fashioning an Indigenous Psychology in the Philippines -- Toward a Liberation Psychology in Latin America -- Toward a Psychology of Liberation -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 11. Feminism and American Psychology: the Science and Politics of Gender -- Introduction -- Bringing Feminism to Psychology -- Feminist Critiques of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, and Alternatives -- Sex Differences Revisited -- From Sex to Gender -- A Theory of Their Own: The Relational Approach -- Owning the Past: Origins of Women's History in Psychology -- Sidebar 11.1 Focus on Ruth Howard -- Creating an Inclusive Feminist Psychology -- Feminist Psychologies in International Context -- Feminist and Postcolonial Critiques of Science and Psychology in the 1980s -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 12. Inclusiveness, Identity, and Conflict in Late 20th-Century American Psychology -- Introduction -- Toward an Inclusive Psychology -- Institutional Changes -- Training Psychologists to Serve Ethnic Minority Populations -- Sidebar 12.1 Focus on Joseph L. White -- Psychologists and the Community -- A Question of Professional Identity -- Psychologists, Government, and National Security -- Government and the Direction of Psychological Science -- Summary -- Bibliographic Essay -- 13. Brain, Behavior, and Cognition Since 1945 -- Introduction -- The Return of the Mind -- Sidebar 13.1 Focus on Enriched Environments -- Neuropsychology of Cognition and Memory -- How Does Memory Work? -- Minds and Machines -- Computations and Computers -- Babbage's Engines -- Turing's Game -- Toward the Machine-as-Brain Metaphor -- Information Theory and Cybernetics -- Language Returns -- Summary -- Concluding Thoughts -- Bibliographic Essay -- References -- Glossary -- Index.

"Most_students of psychology today have little understanding of all the theories and world views their discipline championed in earlier decades._ They are unaware of the philosophical underpinning of their work and the relatively new establishment of the field as a science. The History of Psychology in Context allows students to understand the history of the discipline, including its origins in philosophy and emergence as a science, while considering the impact of social and cultural factors on the development of the discipline.;"--Publisher description.

Machine converted from AACR2 source record.