Hybrid vehicles and the future of personal transportation / Allen Fuhs.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Historical roots of hybrid automobiles -- Ancient history : crossroads -- Steam cars -- Electric cars -- Gasoline cars -- Carriages -- Crossroads -- Invention of hybrid automobile -- Key features of hybrid automobile -- Early hybrid vehicles -- Woods gas-electric car -- Control systems for early hybrids -- Modern period of hybrid history -- Hybrid automobiles : stirring of interest in the 1990s -- Partnership for a new generation of vehicles -- Crossroads 2008 : sneak preview of the future -- References -- Additional references -- 2. Why the crisis? Hybrid vehicles as a mitigation measure -- Introduction -- Story -- Setting the stage -- Depletion of petroleum -- Estimating oil production -- Oil reserves and resources -- Demand for petroleum -- Oil in the United States -- Hubbert's peaking theory -- Near-term situation -- Summary -- References -- 3. Overview of hybrid vehicles -- Introduction -- Concept hybrids and electric vehicles -- Concept hybrids on two (or three) wheels -- Park the car -- Description of a few select hybrids -- Hybrid truck and bus technology -- Concept and production hybrid trucks -- Hydrogen electric racing federation -- Production hybrid buses -- Military applications of hybrids -- Parting perspective -- Summary -- Appendix 3.1 -- References -- 4. Hybrid automobile : what is it? -- Hybrid definition -- A new idea for a hybrid -- Hybrid electric vehicle -- Inherently more expensive -- Hybrids : mainstream or on the fringe? Success or failure? -- HEV propulsion design options -- HEV propulsion design options : series -- Discussion of various operating modes : series -- HEV propulsion design options : parallel -- Discussion of various operating modes : parallel -- Comment on Toyota Prius -- Choice of series, parallel, or mixed -- Technologies for a successful hybrid -- Operation with a "dead" battery -- Summary -- 5. Why hybrids get good mileage -- Introduction -- Hybrid specific -- Summary -- References --

6. Multifaceted complexity of batteries -- Introduction -- Electrical definitions for hybrid vehicles -- Battery electrochemistry -- Battery life -- Battery charging and discharging -- Battery data -- Safety -- Cost -- Calendar life -- Electrochemistry -- Lithium-ion alkaline battery -- Lithium-ion polymer battery -- Advanced technology -- Application of lithium-ion battery in hybrids -- Application of batteries in hybrid and electric vehicles -- Battery selection -- Battery properties -- Hybrids using electrochemical storage -- Maps based on battery energy and power -- Fuel cells -- Capacitors -- Summary -- Appendix 6.1. Electrochemistry of a voltaic cell and fuel cell -- Introduction -- Components of a cell -- Electrolysis -- Electrochemical potential -- Electrochemistry of cell (battery) -- Electrochemistry of FC -- Appendix 6.2. Capacitors -- References -- 7. Obesity : bad in humans, bad in cars -- Introduction -- Vehicle weight and fuel economy -- Vehicle weight and vehicle safety -- Summary -- Appendix 7.1. Mathematics of fractional change -- Appendix 7.2. Derivation of equation 7.12 -- References -- 8. Vital role of the control system -- History of automobile control -- Example of engine controls from 1980s -- Function of control system -- Analogy with symphony orchestra conductor -- Fringe benefits of control system -- Simulation and modeling -- Design sequence -- Algorithm development -- Conflict : fuel economy and exhaust emissions -- Exhaust emissions : origin of pollutants -- Various operational modes to be controlled -- Elements of control theory -- Overview of control system : cartoon version -- Overview of control system : ECU version -- Descriptions of ECUs -- Control area network -- Control variables : variables connecting the ECUs -- Engine management -- Exhaust gas recirculation -- Engine efficiency map -- Load leveling -- Control complexity and difficulty -- Adaptive control strategy -- Robustness of control system -- Four control strategies -- Rules-based control algorithm -- Optimization -- Hardware-constrained optimization -- Fuzzy logic control : what is it? -- Fuzzy logic control application to hybrid control -- Neural network control : what is it? -- NN control : application to hybrid control -- Comparison of fuzzy logic and NNs for control -- Combined fuzzy logic and NNs for control -- Electrical components : electrical motors and generators -- Summary -- References --

9. Regenerative braking -- Introduction -- Brakes and tires primer -- Driver input -- Brake actuator -- Three-port switch -- Controller : inputs -- Controller : outputs -- M/G : generator mode -- Summary -- Appendix 9.1. Equations for regenerative and friction brakes -- Regenerative brakes -- Friction brakes -- References -- 10. Narrow operating band for gasoline engine -- Introduction -- Driving cycle -- Minimum fuel consumption line -- Summary -- References -- 11. Hybridness : a basic design decision -- Definition of hybridness -- Story -- Hybrid design philosophy -- Hybridness : parallel hybrid -- Hybridness : series, mixed, and range extender (plug-in) hybrids -- Range extender -- Optimization and hybridness -- Battery power and electric motor power -- Residual performance with a "dead" battery -- Effect of low charge -- Power-to-weight ratio -- Interpretation of ramps -- Various techniques to enhance hybrid performance -- Mild or micro hybrid features -- Why is H about 50% a good spot for big miles per gallon? -- Plug-in hybrid -- All-wheel drive hybrid -- Summary -- Appendix 11.1. Derivation of range extension equations -- Appendix 11.2. Range of a plug-in hybrid -- Reference -- 12. Mileage ratings -- Introduction -- Mileage ratings -- Previous EPA mileage estimates -- Deficiencies in old and new EPA methods -- New EPA tests to estimate mileage -- Testing hybrids -- Corporate average fuel economy -- How to improve fuel economy : tips for better miles/gallon -- Preliminaries -- Buying gasoline -- Test accuracy -- Plan ahead -- Vehicle maintenance -- Getting better MPG cruising along the interstate -- Aggressive driving -- Driving tips -- Air-conditioning and windows down -- Open windows -- Where you drive -- Mileage scams -- Summary -- Appendix 12.1. Optimum cruise speed -- Appendix 12.2. CAFE fleet average fuel economy and vehicle average -- Appendix 12.3. Change in fuel economy EPA estimates : old versus new test methods -- References -- 13. Enhancing the sales brochure -- Introduction -- Hybrid components -- Hybrid system -- Hybrid performance -- Miscellaneous -- Summary -- Reference --

14. Torque curves : a match made in heaven -- History of electrical alternators, motors, and generators in automobiles -- Functions of the motor/generator -- Origin of forces and torques -- Types of motors and/or generators -- Permanent magnets -- Definitions for motors and generators -- Simple DC motor/generator -- Rotating magnetic field -- DC brushless motor -- Alternator -- Induction motor and asynchronous generator -- Switched reluctance motor : stepping motor -- Losses and motor efficiency -- Cooling -- Selection of M/G -- Design and control aspects -- Desired and attainable torque curve : match made in heaven -- Switching from motor to generator and vice versa -- 2006 Honda Civic hybrid electric motor -- Alternate view of electric motors : torque or speed -- Summary -- Appendix 14.1. Matching poles for a switched reluctance motor -- References -- 15. Economics of hybrid ownership -- Introduction -- Benefits of hybrids -- Pay at the pump -- Fuel costs -- Fuel savings -- Years to recoup -- Tax savings -- Costs -- Interplay hybrid technology and price premium -- Summary -- Appendix 15.1. Classified advertisement for Toyota Prius II -- References -- 16. New technologies : hybrids -- Overview -- Factors affecting new technology -- Biggest gains -- Mining the obvious : energy storage -- Mining the obvious : other hybrid technologies -- Innovation : seeking the novel -- Motivation for new technology -- Summary -- Appendix 16.1. Saving gasoline -- References --

17. New technologies : internal combustion engine -- Introduction -- What and where are the losses? -- Technology to increase efficiency -- Examples of new designs -- Convergence of gas and diesel -- Summary -- Appendix 17.1. Combustion processes in ICE -- References -- 18. Hybrids : mainstream or fringe? -- Introduction -- Determining factors -- Competition : HEV versus gas/diesel -- Future for HEV -- Competition : HEV versus FCV -- Fuel cell vehicle future -- Summary -- References -- 19. Factors influencing resale value -- Introduction -- Common factors -- Resale factors specific to hybrids -- Summary -- 20. Dangers of aftermarket add-ons -- Service and repair -- Performance modification -- Summary -- 21. Safety issues -- Overview -- What are today's hazards? -- Who has an interest in hybrid safety? -- What are future hazards? -- Summary -- Appendix 21.1. Lithium-ion battery safety -- Li-ion battery protection in HEV application -- Cell-level safety devices -- Opening (rupture) lithium-ion battery -- Causes of battery accidents : triggers -- Triggers : overcharging or overheating : steps to possible disaster with conventional cell chemistries -- Triggers : internal short circuit : partial or total -- Positive electrode -- Negative electrode -- References -- 22. Future -- Introduction -- Supply and demand -- Mitigation measures -- Abiotic oil -- Alternate fuels : overview -- Alternate fuels : details -- Alternate fuels : ethanol as a fuel -- Alternate fuels : more fuels -- Alternate fuels : hydrogen as a fuel -- Past and future -- Summary -- Appendix 22.. Physical properties of fuels -- References -- Appendix A. Acronyms and relevant data -- Appendix B. Global warming -- Reference -- Index.

"Uncover the Technology behind Hybrids and Make an Intelligent Decision When Purchasing Your Next Vehicle With one billion cars expected to be on the roads of the world in the near future, the potential for war over oil and the negative environmental effects of emissions will be greater than ever before. Now is the time to seriously consider an alternative to standard automobiles. Exploring a practical solution to these problems, Hybrid Vehicles and the Future of Personal Transportation provides broad coverage of the technologies involved in manufacturing and operating hybrids. It reviews key components of hybrid and pure electric vehicles, including batteries, fuel cells, and ultracapacitors. The book also discusses both concept and production-bound hybrids as well as the economics and safety issues of hybrid ownership. In addition, the author supplies effective tips on how to save gasoline with conventional and hybrid automobiles, such as the pulse; and glide (PnG) technique used by hypermilers. Making the jargon of fuel-efficient vehicles accessible to a wide audience, this guide explains the history of hybrids, how they work, and their impact on the environment. It will help you make a sound decision concerning the purchase and operation of a hybrid or electric vehicle."--Publisher description.

Machine converted from AACR2 source record.