Trade and income distribution / William R. Cline.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 285-294) and index.

Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Trends in Income Distribution and Wages -- Long-Term Patterns -- Family Income, Poverty, and Wealth -- Wage Distribution -- Education and Skills -- Experience and Unexplained Variation -- Productivity and Wage Levels -- International Patterns -- Overview -- 2. A Critical Review of the Literature -- Stolper-Samuelson and Factor-Price Equalization -- Development Economists 1 -- Labor Economists 1 -- Labor Economists 2 -- Trade Economists 1 -- Trade Economists 2 -- Development Economists 2 -- Trade Economists 1 Revisited -- Labor Economists 1 Revisited -- Overview -- Appendix 2A -- 3. Experiments with the Krugman Model -- Introduction -- The Krugman Model -- Constant-Elasticity-of-Substitution Reformulation -- Elasticity of Substitution between Skilled and Unskilled Labor -- CES Estimates with Limited Substitutability -- Decadal Outlook with the CES-Krugman Model -- Appendix 3A -- 4. The Trade and Income Distribution Equilibrium (TIDE) Model -- Model Structure -- Factor Data -- Trade Data -- Model Calibration -- Backcast and Counterfactuals -- TIDE Model Forecasts -- Model Sensitivity -- Conclusion -- Appendix 4A -- 5. Conclusion -- Overview of the Study -- An Illustrative Synthesis -- Absolute versus Relative Wage -- Policy Implications -- Appendix A. Employment and Wage Growth in Europe and the United States -- References -- Index -- Tables -- Table 1.1. Distribution of family money income -- Table 1.2. Change in real hourly wage by education, 1973-93 -- Table 1.3. Education and income -- Table 1.4. Enrollment of college-aged population, 1960-92 -- Table 1.5. Educational distribution of the US labor force -- Table 2.1. Decomposition of estimated sources of relative wage changes, 1979-88 -- Table 2.2. Trends in employment and wages by broad sector and years of education, 1967-86 -- Table 2.3. Alternative estimates of the impact of trade on rising US wage inequality -- Table 3.1. Experiments with the Krugman model -- Table 3.2. Trade response to relative wage increase -- Table 4.1. Country shares in global factor endowments and output, 1973-93 -- Table 4.2. Trends in factor endowments, 1973-93 -- Table 4.3. Actual net trade in manufactures by factor intensity and partner -- Table 4.4. Revealed comparative advantage by manufactured product group -- Table 4.5. Factor shadow prices in the TIDE model -- Table 4.6. Optimal trade matrix in the TIDE-CD model, 1993 -- Table 4.7. Percent deviation of factor prices from baseline: backcast counterfactuals, TIDE Cobb-Douglas model -- Table 4.8. Factor shadow prices in the TIDE model: forecasts -- Table 4.9. Percent deviation of factor prices from baseline: forecast scenarios, TIDE Cobb-Douglas model -- Table 4A.1. Classification of 2-digit SITC codes by major factor input -- Table 4A.2. Actual exports and imports by product group -- Table 4A.3. Estimated distances between countries -- Table 4A.4. Assumed tariff equivalents of total protection -- Table 4A.5. Technical efficiency coefficients -- Table 4A.6. Percent deviation of factor prices from baseline: backcast counterfactuals, TIDE-CES model -- Table 5.1. Illustrative sources of increase in the ratio of skilled to unskilled wages in the United States -- Figures -- Figure 1.1. Median money income and poverty, 1967-93 -- Figure 1.2. Poverty by family status, 1959-93 -- Figure 1.3. Family status, 1959-93 -- Figure 1.4. Actual and hypothetical poverty, 1959-93 -- Figure 1.5. Composition of national income, 1959-94 -- Figure 1.6. 90th/10th percentile wage ratios for full-time wage and salary workers, 1969-93 -- Figure 1.7. Skilled/unskilled wage ratio, 1961-93 -- Figure 1.8. Wage inequality, males 16 years and older with positive earnings, 1968-87 -- Figure 1.9a. Wage inequality for men, 1973-93 -- Figure 1.9b. Wage inequality for women, 1973-93 -- Figure 1.10. Hourly wages by education, 1973-93 -- Figure 1.11. Deindustrialization and developing-country import penetration for OECD countries, 1970-90 -- Figure 2.1. The Lerner-Pearce diagram of the Stolper-Samuelson theorem -- Figure 2.2. Samuelson's diagram for factor-price equalization -- Figure 2.3. R&D per worker versus wage differentials for college and high school workers, 1963-88 -- Figure 2.4. Estimated wage change by percentile, 1964-88 -- Figure 2.5. Durable goods trade deficit and the return to skills, 1949-90 -- Figure 2.6. Trade and factor prices -- Figure 2.7. Locus of minimum costs for inputs produced in the North and South -- Figure 2.8. Real income in countries 1 and 2 as a function of the efficiency of country 2 in the production of good B -- Figure 2.9. Interaction of supply and demand for skilled and unskilled labor -- Figure 3.1. Output and imports of manufactures of industrial countries, 1971-93 -- Figure 3.2. OECD manufactured imports from LDCs -- Figure A.1. Real wages for the G6 countries, 1970-93 -- Figure A.2. Wages and job creation, 1970-90.

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