Rauschenberg, Robert, 1925-2008 (Personal Name)

Klangkunst, c1999: p. 317 (Rauschenberg, Robert (eigentlich Milton Ernest); b. 1925, Port Arthur, Texas)

artinfo.com, viewed May 14, 2008 (Robert Rauschenberg died on May 12)

Guggenheim, Feb. 3, 2015 (Robert Rauschenberg was born Milton Rauschenberg on October 22, 1925, in Port Arthur, Texas. He began to study pharmacology at the University of Texas, Austin, before being drafted into the U.S. Navy, where he served as a neuropsychiatric technician in the U.S. Navy Hospital Corps in San Diego. In 1947, he enrolled at the Kansas City Art Institute and traveled to Paris to study. In fall 1948, Rauschenberg returned to the United States to study at Black Mountain College near Asheville, North Carolina. While taking classes at the Art Students League, New York, from 1949 to 1951, Rauschenberg was offered his first solo exhibition at the Betty Parsons Gallery. Rauschenberg traveled extensively throughout his life. In the mid-1980s his collaborations with artisans and workshops abroad culminated in the establishment of the Rauschenberg Overseas Culture Interchange (ROCI). Announced to the United Nations in December 1984, ROCI involved the artist making and presenting work while traveling with a team of assistants through 11 politically sensitive countries, including China, Tibet, the U.S.S.R., and East Germany, as a way to initiate cross-cultural dialogue) http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artists/bios/1396

Wikipedia, Feb. 3, 2015 (Robert Rauschenberg; birth name: Milton Ernest Rauschenberg; born October 22, 1925 in Port Arthur, Texas; died May 12, 2008 in Captiva, Fla.; painter and graphic artist whose early works anticipated the pop art movement. Rauschenberg is well known for his "Combines" of the 1950s, in which non-traditional materials and objects were employed in innovative combinations. Rauschenberg was both a painter and a sculptor and the Combines are a combination of both, but he also worked with photography, printmaking, papermaking, and performance. He was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1993. He became the recipient of the Leonardo da Vinci World Award of Arts in 1995 in recognition of his more than 40 years of fruitful artmaking. Rauschenberg lived and worked in New York City as well as on Captiva Island, Florida.